Healthcare Programs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social insurance Programs - Essay Example TRICARE speaks to the social insurance program using military human services frameworks as the principle suppliers. This program is subsidized and upheld through non military personnel suppliers and offices, and incorporates arrangement of medicinal services administrations to military work force and their groups of the USA, past or by and by dynamic. The presentation of tricare was basically a system in the eighties and the nineties, because of the expanded medicinal services costs in the USA, just as the adjustments in the modernization patterns. Tricare was seen to be a plausible and financial approach to spare expenses while improving access and decision to human services administrations. The advancement of TRICARE has extended altogether, and has now come to be a piece of 40% of the USA medical clinics. Progressively high quantities of medicinal services work force and suppliers currently structure a piece of the TRICARE arrangement group. (Carrato, 2003) The viability of Tricare is exceptionally clear if contrasting with other medicinal services frameworks, for example, CHAMPVA. The distinctions run from fundamental frameworks of the plans. While TRICARE, some time ago CHAMPUS, is a clinical protection program completed by the branch of resistance, CHAMPVA is gone through VA. The individuals contrast with respect to their status as resigned or non resigned from military administrations, tricare being engaging to the resigned work force. CHAMPVA confines itself to the individuals who are either 100% incapacitated work force, or either dead. This doesn't to be so for tricare patients. CHAMPVA doesn't engage veterans, which frames an enormous piece of the tricare individuals. Likewise, CHAMPVA has manages about access and acquiring of remedies. The previously mentioned contrasts help to see a portion of the key contrasts that make tricare a much better medicinal services program over others. (Tricare forever, 2001) Tricare has numerous administrations available to its, which are both thorough just as focused in their way to deal with ailments. The triple choice advantage in the framework permits the enlistment of numerous individuals with a wide scope of medicinal services administrations. Presently it has gotten dynamic in the propelled clinical regions of tumors, alongside including age old projects of vaccinations and so on. The extent of tricare subsequently is immense, with much guarantee of progress. Tricare gives these administrations through a scope of projects, which incorporate the Prime Preventive Services, the Pharmacy Program, and Dental Coverage and so on. Tricare has demonstrated its value through its amazing reports of its exhibitions. Maybe the most definite of Tricare's viability is taking a gander at the cases preparing limit and the speed with which these are done. Around 755 of the cases are tended to inside 21 days of being put, a noteworthy articulation of the quality and the proficiency of Tricare. (Bailey, 1999) With the anticipated increment of wellbeing costs by7.3% continuously 2011, Tricare's likely job in diminishing these expenses is exceptionally encouraging. (Carrato, 2003) One of the evidence that tricare has demonstrated consistent conveyance as for human services is its effective support of its enlistment charge. The well-trained individuals have practically no expenses for care, which is given in the military settings. Pay for a help is high

Illusion in the tempest Essays

Figment in the storm Essays Figment in the storm Paper Figment in the storm Paper Exposition Topic: The Tempest Figment is a key subject in the play as it is basic to Shakespeare’s interest with and conversation of what is genuine and what is fantasy, exhibited in numerous scenes of the play. It is additionally supposedly, Prospero’s one and extreme power.â The sensational opening scene of the play which is the premise of its whole plot is later uncovered to be a finished dream made by Prospero’s fundamental soul, Ariel, on his orders.â Prospero all through the play has an arrangement to attempt to recapture his legitimate situation of Duke of Milan and reset the pecking order which is promptly broken in this first scene. Figment is his key weapon in executing this ‘plan’. The entirety of the three subplots (Prospero, Miranda and Ferdinand, Trinculo, Stephano and Caliban and Sebastian, Alonso and Antonio) are settled with Prospero’s utilization of deception. This shows up as the feast and the nag for Alonso, Antonio and Sebastian, as a masque for Ferdinand and Miranda and as the soul hounds pursuing Caliban, Stephano and Trinculo into a bog. In these circumstances Prospero utilizes his spirits to make a display to attempt to strengthen the point that he is making. The three dreams reflect stories, the primary admonition against avarices, the second admonition against sex before marriage, â€Å"Whose pledges are that no bed-right will be paid/Till Hymen’s burn be lighted† (Act 4 Scene 1) and the third story cautioning against theft.â Ariel’s hallucination of music is urgent to attracting characters and satisfying Prospero’s plans for them. Caliban, Trinculo and Prospero are lead through â€Å"Toothed briars, sharp furzes, prickling gorse, and thorns†. Here the fantasy nearly appears to be genuine as they can't resist the opportunity to follow something non-existent. Deception on the island just appears to influence the individuals who Prospero needs it to, implementing his situation as controller. For instance, Gonzalo (a thoughtful subject) sees prosperous greenery, while Antonio and Sebastian (tricky plotters) see a forlorn and futile island.â Caliban appears the main character insusceptible to Prospero’s dreams. He doesn’t care for the glamorous garments though Stephano and Trinculo are in a split second pulled in to control acquired through the robes. This shows Prospero is recovering his capacity through his beguiling force. This is extremely amusing as Caliban is the beast and dumb being, however he can see through the deception.â The submerged boat dream is the most significant fantasy in the play, as it establishes the pace for the connections and feelings all through the play. Alonso wouldn’t be so distressed in the event that he discovered the hallucination of the wreck was phony and that his child had not kicked the bucket. Sebastian and Antonio might not have chosen to plot to murder Alonso in the event that they realized Ferdinand was as yet alive. The Shipwreck is the hallucination that sets the ball moving for the subjects and connivances in the play. In spite of the significance of Prospero’s fantasies, he acknowledges their impediments as just deceptions that impact the brain as opposed to body. He needs to drive Caliban to gather him wood, â€Å"He makes our fire,/Fetch in our wood, and serves in offices† and he expresses that he can't impact the fascination among Miranda and Ferdinand. Show review just The above see is unformatted content This understudy composed bit of work is one of numerous that can be found in our GCSE The Tempest segment.

10 Money Lessons From the Worst Contracts in NBA History

10 Money Lessons From the Worst Contracts in NBA History 10 Money Lessons From the Worst Contracts in NBA History 10 Money Lessons From the Worst Contracts in NBA HistoryNBA owners and general managers give out terrible contracts all the time. And since theyre unlikely to ever stop, we figured SOMEONE should learn from their financial mistakes.Everybody’s made mistakes with their money. We all have a purchase or investment or two that we would really (really!) like to take back. Maybe it’s a used car that fell apart two weeks after you bought it or a payday loan that, no matter how hard you try, you can just never seem to pay off.Whatever your mistakes have been, we feel your pain, and we are dedicated to making sure that you avoid money mistakes in the future. But rather than having you think about your past errors, were going to do something different. Because while learning from our own mistakes can be valuable, learning from someone else’s mistakes is way more fun.So, since the NBA is about to kick off its 2018-19 season next week, we figured it’d be nifty to look at some of the wors t money mistakes in the leagues history. It’s pretty clear that NBA owners and GMs aren’t going to learn from their previous contract misfires, so we figured someone should.10. Jermaine O’Neal Indiana Pacers 7 years, $126.6 million (2003)This might be the least-awful contract on the list, but it was nonetheless a massive overpay.Still, if you had asked Indiana Pacers management whether they were happy with O’Neal’s new contract after the 2003-04 season, they would have given you an emphatic “Yes!”They could never have anticipated that the following year O’Neal would be suspended for 15 games for his role in the infamous “Malice in the Palace” brawl between the Pacers and the Detroit Pistons.While the following 2004-05 season would still mark a statistical peak for O’Neal as a scorer (24.3 points per game), it was all downhill from there. Injuries contributed to a decline in performanceâ€"not to mention in games playedâ€"over the next three seasons.By the end of the 2007-08 season, during which O’Neal scored only 13.8 points per game and averaged a mere 6.7 rebounds, his $19.73 million annual salary was too much for the team to bear.Over the summer, the Pacers traded him to Toronto, who then flipped him to Miami midseason. While his stats over those last two campaigns held steady at around 13 points and seven rebounds per game, the amount he was owed each year only continued to rise.O’Neal made the All-Star game every year during the first four years of this contractâ€"yet another reason why this is only number 10 on the list. Still, when all is said and done, the Indiana Pacers got way less from O’Neal than they paid for.Lesson: Know when to cut bait on a bad money decision.  9. Penny Hardaway Phoenix Suns 7 Years, $87 Million (1999)When a player’s game is reliant on their insane athleticism, recurring knee injuries can easily turn a superstar into a bad-to-average player who still has a superstars contract.While Derrick Rose probably comes to mind nowadays, Penny Hardaway is still one of the bestâ€"and therefore the saddestâ€"examples of this trend.In 1999, after six years with the Orlando Magicâ€"the final three of which saw him play only 59, 19, and 50 gamesâ€"the incredibly talented and incredibly injury-prone Hardaway signed a seven-year, $87 million deal with the Phoenix Suns.The first year of that new deal, Hardaway played 60 games. The second year he played four.From there, Hardaway began shifting to a bench role, with his per-game stats declining every year. Phoenix traded Hardaway to the New York Knicks in early 2004 and soon replaced him with Steve Nash.During the years Hardaway spent in Orlando playing alongside a young Shaquille O’Neal, he was one of the most exciting players in the game. During the years he spent playing in Phoenix alongside a mid-career Jason Kidd, he was one of the most depressing.And he was expensive to boot.Lesson: Warning signs are meant to be heeded.  8. Allan Hous ton New York Knicks 6 Years, $100 Million Dollars (2001)Allan Houston was not a bad basketball player. On the contrary, he was a great player and a key part of the 1999 Knicks team that shocked the NBA by beating the top-seeded Miami Heat and making it all the way to the Finals.And Allan Houston was even very good for the first two years of this contract, which he signed in 2001.The problems came after that.A knee injury limited Houston to only 50 games in 2003, and it only got worse from there, eventually forcing Houston to retire in 2005 and leaving the Knicks stuck with the final two years (and nearly $40 million) left on his contract.It was so bad that the NBA added the “Allan Houston Rule” to the 2005 Collective Bargaining Agreement (CBA), which allowed teams to amnesty one player on their team. The player still got paid, but their salary no longer counted against the luxury tax.Lesson: When someone names a rule after one of your financial mistakes, you know you’ve scre wed up.7. Chris Bosh Miami Heat 5 years, $118 million (2014)We’re not going to linger on this one. It’s just too sad.After being one of Miami’s “Big Three” and remaking his game to bring Heat fans four straight Finals appearances and two Larry O’Brien trophiesâ€"all while dramatically reshaping his game to fit around Lebron James and Dwyane Wadeâ€"Chris Bosh deserved this contract.Sure, Miami might have given it to him out of post-Lebron desperation when the Houston Rockets offered Bosh a max deal of their own, but still. This should have worked out.Instead, a very scary series of blood clots in Bosh’s lungs forced him to retire in mid-2016, only one-and-a-half seasons after signing this extension, a period during which he only played in a total of 97 games.Eventually, the Heat bought out the final two years on Bosh’s deal for $52 million, which provided them some financial relief. But that doesn’t make this inglorious ending to a glorious career any less heartbr eaking. Lesson: Sometimes you do everything right and it all still goes wrong. 6. Joakim Noah / Luol Deng New York Knicks / Los Angeles Lakers 4 Years, $72 Million (2016)Ah, the summer of 2016.With a massive spike in the NBA salary cap courtesy of a brand-new TV deal, the 2016 offseason saw teams around the league throw caution to the wind and hand out contract after magical contractâ€"all of which turned into pumpkins the second the ink was dry.While these aren’t the last 2016 contracts on this list, there is a perfect symmetry to them that merits their joint inclusion.Both Joakim Noah and Luol Deng were aging ex-Bulls frontcourt players in an increasingly perimeter-oriented league who were rewarded with the same freaking contract (four years, $72 million) by two of the league’s starriest big-city franchises.After years of playing in Tom Thibodeau’s meat-grinder system, Deng and Noah were worn down well beyond their respective ages. While injuries limited both players in th e first years with their new teams, their second years saw the bottom fall out entirely.Noah only played seven games for the Knicks in 2017-18 before injuries took him off the court and a bad attitude left him practically exiled from the team. Meanwhile, Deng played only one game for the Lakers last year before they shut him down entirely. And he wasn’t even injured!Deng was recently bought out, and Noah looks to be heading that way as well. If you want to understand the NBA’s summer of 2016 spending spree, look no further than these two wildly ill-advised overpays.Lastly, as a Chicago-based company, all of us here at the OppLoans Financial Sense Blog want to say that we are 1) overjoyed that both these players got massively overpaid, and 2) equally overjoyed that it was not the Bulls who paid them.Lesson: Just because everyone else is spending money doesn’t mean you have to spend money too.  5. Rashard Lewis Orlando Magic 6 Years, $118 Million (2007)Before signing with the Magic in 2007, Rashard Lewis was a really good playerâ€"not a star, just a really, really good playerâ€"for the Seattle Supersonics (RIP). After a particularly “really good” season in 2006-07, the Magic got Lewis for six years and a staggering $118 million via sign-and-trade.The Magic had a transcendent young Dwight Howard at center; they were ready to go all-in. And while Lewis was, as ever, a good player in Orlando, helping the team make the 2009 Finals, his production declined every year from “really good” to “pretty good” to “uh-oh.”As it turns out, that 2006-07 season was his statistical peak. Plus, Lewis’ back-loaded deal meant that his annual salary traveled in opposite direction from his stats. Every year, Orlando was playing more money for a worse player.Lewis’ salary rose from almost $15 million in the first year of his deal to over $21 million in the fifth year. Luckily, the Magic didn’t have to pay him past mid-2010, when they traded him to the Wash ington Wizards.Who would trade for such a ridiculous contract you ask? Read the next entry to find out.Lesson: Whenever possible, avoid putting off the financial pain. Your future self (and your future bank account) will thank you.  4. Gilbert Arenas Washington Wizards 6 Years, $111 million (2008)Why, exactly, were the 2010 Washington Wizards willing to take on Rashard Lewis and his massive deadweight contract? Well, it’s because they had a massive deadweight contract of their very own, courtesy of a Gilbert “Best-Ever NBA Player Named Gilbert” Arenas!Lewis’s contract might have been worse due to the backloaded salaries, but Arenas was definitely the more washed player, making this trade one of the most hallowed “my trash for your garbage” transactions in NBA history.For three seasons, 2004 to 2007, Gilbert Arenas was an electrifying point guard and new-age superstar for the Washington Wizards. He was also a bit of a clown, which will become important later.Unfortunate ly, during the 2007-08 season, knee injuries (surprise, surprise) forced him into street clothes for all but 13 games.After that season, Arenas opted out of the final year of his contract. That might seem like a weird decision, but the Wizards took the bait, offering him six years and $111 million to stay.On the one hand, that contract was $16 million less than the max, which would be a great deal for a true-blue superstar. On the other hand, Arenas’ superstar days were all in the past.Over the next two seasons, Arenas played in only 32 games, further limited by his injuries and by the famous incident where he brought firearms into the team’s locker room. (We told you his clownishness would be important.)Finally, in late 2010, the Wizards cut bait and traded him to the Orlando Magic, who waived Arenas via the amnesty clause after that season.Arenas lasted only one more season in the NBA before retiring, but Orlando still owed him all the money left on that contract. In 2014, Are nas reported that the Magic wouldn’t be done sending him checks until 2016.Lesson: Dont base financial transactions on  what happened in the past. Base them on what you think will happen in the future.  3. Shawn Kemp Cleveland Cavaliers 7 Years, $107 Million Dollars (1997)If the Rashard Lewis contract seems mystifying to you, then you can at least say this about the Shawn Kemp contract: It made sense at the time. When the Cleveland Cavaliers traded for Shawn Kemp in 1997 and signed him to a seven-year, $107 million dollar extension, they were paying a superstar like a superstar.And for the first year of that contract, Kemp even played like a superstar too!But then came the 1998-99 NBA lockout, after which Kemp came back to work completely out of shape. And while he managed to average a career high 20.5 points per game over the following (abbreviated) season, things only deteriorated from there.After one more disappointing season in Cleveland, Kemp was traded to the Portland Trai l Blazers, where his play fell off a cliff. His first season in Portland ended with him in rehab for abusing cocaine; his second season ended with him being waived.But first, the Trail Blazers restructured that massive contract, with ESPN reporting deferred payments being made to Kemp over the next 10 years.This is one of those bad contracts that somehow ended up being worse for the team that traded for the player than the one who signed him initially.Lesson: If a deal seems too good to be trueâ€"like getting Kemp must have seemed for Portlandâ€"then it probably isnt true. Or good.  2. Chandler Parsons Grizzlies 4 Years, $94 Million (2016)This might be recency bias talking, but when it comes to paying a whole lot to get almost nothing in return, Chandler Parson’s contract with the Memphis Grizzlies is verrrry  close to taking the bad contract  cake.Signed duringâ€"when elseâ€"the summer of 2016, Parsons was seen as the final piece of the puzzle that would push Marc Gasol and Mik e Conley-led Memphis over the top.Instead, his contract has been the albatross thats weighed them down.When he played for the Dallas Mavericks, Parsons was very good. He was never an All-Star (literally, he never made an All-Star team), but he was the kind of player that an owner could talk themselves into being the third-best guy on a championship contender.This contract was always going to be an overpay, but it still could have worked out okay.Except it didn’t. Parsons’ knee injuries, an extremely known problem from his Dallas days, have limited him to only 70 games over the past two years. And in those games he has played, he’s been … quite bad.In the salary cap era of the NBA, overpays like this one can completely doom an otherwise promising team. Memphis went all in when they made a big bet on Parsons, but they should have taken a look around the table and simply folded instead.Lesson: Sometimes, the best money you spend is the money you don’t spend.1. Jim McIlvaine Seattle Supersonics 7 Years, $34 Million (1996)Jim McIlwho? Exactly.One of the reasons this contract stands out as so egregiously bad is that Jim McIlvaine was a completely anonymous player.While keeping in mind that contracts in the 1990’s were much lower than they are today (before the 1996-97 season, Michael Freaking Jordan never made more than $4 million a year), McIlvaine’s seemingly reasonable salary was still a monumental overpay.In his second year in the league playing for the Washington Bullets, Center Jim McIlvaine started a grand total of six games and averaged 2.3 points, 2.9 rebounds, and 2.1 blocks per game.So, of course, the 1996 Seattle Supersonics decided to sign him to a seven-year deal that paid him $3 million dollars in his first seasonâ€"almost as much as Seattle star Shawn Kemp, who you might remember from spot number three.In fact, McIlvaine’s deal was one of the reasons that Kemp soured on the Sonics and forced a trade to Cleveland. This deal was so ba d that is begat other historically awful deals!If the Sonics were expecting some kind of massive leap from their new acquisition (and they had to be, right?), it was a dream that never became reality.McIlvaine’s best year with the team was his first, wherein he started 79 games and contributed a whopping … 3.8 points, 4.0 rebounds, 2.0 blocks per gameâ€"plus 1.0 furious superstars.After two seasons, McIlvaine was traded to the New Jersey Nets, where he played for three more seasons before being cut. In 2000-01, McIlvaine’s final NBA season, he brought home $6 million.Oh, and when the Nets cut him, they still owed him an extra $4 million for the final year on his terrible, awful, no good, historically bad contract.Lesson: This contract is so bad there is no lesson. Just don’t dont do this. Whatever this is.  To learn more about the financial side of sports and pop culture, check out these related posts from OppLoans:5 Financial Facts About the Olympics That Might Surprise Y ouWhich Avenger Gives Marvel the Most Bang for Its Buck?How Student-Athlete Insurance Protects Financial FuturesHow to Get Rich Quick in These 6 Fantasy WorldsWhat else do you want to know about the financial side of sports? We want to hear from you! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.

10 Money Lessons From the Worst Contracts in NBA History

10 Money Lessons From the Worst Contracts in NBA History 10 Money Lessons From the Worst Contracts in NBA History 10 Money Lessons From the Worst Contracts in NBA HistoryNBA owners and general managers give out terrible contracts all the time. And since theyre unlikely to ever stop, we figured SOMEONE should learn from their financial mistakes.Everybody’s made mistakes with their money. We all have a purchase or investment or two that we would really (really!) like to take back. Maybe it’s a used car that fell apart two weeks after you bought it or a payday loan that, no matter how hard you try, you can just never seem to pay off.Whatever your mistakes have been, we feel your pain, and we are dedicated to making sure that you avoid money mistakes in the future. But rather than having you think about your past errors, were going to do something different. Because while learning from our own mistakes can be valuable, learning from someone else’s mistakes is way more fun.So, since the NBA is about to kick off its 2018-19 season next week, we figured it’d be nifty to look at some of the wors t money mistakes in the leagues history. It’s pretty clear that NBA owners and GMs aren’t going to learn from their previous contract misfires, so we figured someone should.10. Jermaine O’Neal Indiana Pacers 7 years, $126.6 million (2003)This might be the least-awful contract on the list, but it was nonetheless a massive overpay.Still, if you had asked Indiana Pacers management whether they were happy with O’Neal’s new contract after the 2003-04 season, they would have given you an emphatic “Yes!”They could never have anticipated that the following year O’Neal would be suspended for 15 games for his role in the infamous “Malice in the Palace” brawl between the Pacers and the Detroit Pistons.While the following 2004-05 season would still mark a statistical peak for O’Neal as a scorer (24.3 points per game), it was all downhill from there. Injuries contributed to a decline in performanceâ€"not to mention in games playedâ€"over the next three seasons.By the end of the 2007-08 season, during which O’Neal scored only 13.8 points per game and averaged a mere 6.7 rebounds, his $19.73 million annual salary was too much for the team to bear.Over the summer, the Pacers traded him to Toronto, who then flipped him to Miami midseason. While his stats over those last two campaigns held steady at around 13 points and seven rebounds per game, the amount he was owed each year only continued to rise.O’Neal made the All-Star game every year during the first four years of this contractâ€"yet another reason why this is only number 10 on the list. Still, when all is said and done, the Indiana Pacers got way less from O’Neal than they paid for.Lesson: Know when to cut bait on a bad money decision.  9. Penny Hardaway Phoenix Suns 7 Years, $87 Million (1999)When a player’s game is reliant on their insane athleticism, recurring knee injuries can easily turn a superstar into a bad-to-average player who still has a superstars contract.While Derrick Rose probably comes to mind nowadays, Penny Hardaway is still one of the bestâ€"and therefore the saddestâ€"examples of this trend.In 1999, after six years with the Orlando Magicâ€"the final three of which saw him play only 59, 19, and 50 gamesâ€"the incredibly talented and incredibly injury-prone Hardaway signed a seven-year, $87 million deal with the Phoenix Suns.The first year of that new deal, Hardaway played 60 games. The second year he played four.From there, Hardaway began shifting to a bench role, with his per-game stats declining every year. Phoenix traded Hardaway to the New York Knicks in early 2004 and soon replaced him with Steve Nash.During the years Hardaway spent in Orlando playing alongside a young Shaquille O’Neal, he was one of the most exciting players in the game. During the years he spent playing in Phoenix alongside a mid-career Jason Kidd, he was one of the most depressing.And he was expensive to boot.Lesson: Warning signs are meant to be heeded.  8. Allan Hous ton New York Knicks 6 Years, $100 Million Dollars (2001)Allan Houston was not a bad basketball player. On the contrary, he was a great player and a key part of the 1999 Knicks team that shocked the NBA by beating the top-seeded Miami Heat and making it all the way to the Finals.And Allan Houston was even very good for the first two years of this contract, which he signed in 2001.The problems came after that.A knee injury limited Houston to only 50 games in 2003, and it only got worse from there, eventually forcing Houston to retire in 2005 and leaving the Knicks stuck with the final two years (and nearly $40 million) left on his contract.It was so bad that the NBA added the “Allan Houston Rule” to the 2005 Collective Bargaining Agreement (CBA), which allowed teams to amnesty one player on their team. The player still got paid, but their salary no longer counted against the luxury tax.Lesson: When someone names a rule after one of your financial mistakes, you know you’ve scre wed up.7. Chris Bosh Miami Heat 5 years, $118 million (2014)We’re not going to linger on this one. It’s just too sad.After being one of Miami’s “Big Three” and remaking his game to bring Heat fans four straight Finals appearances and two Larry O’Brien trophiesâ€"all while dramatically reshaping his game to fit around Lebron James and Dwyane Wadeâ€"Chris Bosh deserved this contract.Sure, Miami might have given it to him out of post-Lebron desperation when the Houston Rockets offered Bosh a max deal of their own, but still. This should have worked out.Instead, a very scary series of blood clots in Bosh’s lungs forced him to retire in mid-2016, only one-and-a-half seasons after signing this extension, a period during which he only played in a total of 97 games.Eventually, the Heat bought out the final two years on Bosh’s deal for $52 million, which provided them some financial relief. But that doesn’t make this inglorious ending to a glorious career any less heartbr eaking. Lesson: Sometimes you do everything right and it all still goes wrong. 6. Joakim Noah / Luol Deng New York Knicks / Los Angeles Lakers 4 Years, $72 Million (2016)Ah, the summer of 2016.With a massive spike in the NBA salary cap courtesy of a brand-new TV deal, the 2016 offseason saw teams around the league throw caution to the wind and hand out contract after magical contractâ€"all of which turned into pumpkins the second the ink was dry.While these aren’t the last 2016 contracts on this list, there is a perfect symmetry to them that merits their joint inclusion.Both Joakim Noah and Luol Deng were aging ex-Bulls frontcourt players in an increasingly perimeter-oriented league who were rewarded with the same freaking contract (four years, $72 million) by two of the league’s starriest big-city franchises.After years of playing in Tom Thibodeau’s meat-grinder system, Deng and Noah were worn down well beyond their respective ages. While injuries limited both players in th e first years with their new teams, their second years saw the bottom fall out entirely.Noah only played seven games for the Knicks in 2017-18 before injuries took him off the court and a bad attitude left him practically exiled from the team. Meanwhile, Deng played only one game for the Lakers last year before they shut him down entirely. And he wasn’t even injured!Deng was recently bought out, and Noah looks to be heading that way as well. If you want to understand the NBA’s summer of 2016 spending spree, look no further than these two wildly ill-advised overpays.Lastly, as a Chicago-based company, all of us here at the OppLoans Financial Sense Blog want to say that we are 1) overjoyed that both these players got massively overpaid, and 2) equally overjoyed that it was not the Bulls who paid them.Lesson: Just because everyone else is spending money doesn’t mean you have to spend money too.  5. Rashard Lewis Orlando Magic 6 Years, $118 Million (2007)Before signing with the Magic in 2007, Rashard Lewis was a really good playerâ€"not a star, just a really, really good playerâ€"for the Seattle Supersonics (RIP). After a particularly “really good” season in 2006-07, the Magic got Lewis for six years and a staggering $118 million via sign-and-trade.The Magic had a transcendent young Dwight Howard at center; they were ready to go all-in. And while Lewis was, as ever, a good player in Orlando, helping the team make the 2009 Finals, his production declined every year from “really good” to “pretty good” to “uh-oh.”As it turns out, that 2006-07 season was his statistical peak. Plus, Lewis’ back-loaded deal meant that his annual salary traveled in opposite direction from his stats. Every year, Orlando was playing more money for a worse player.Lewis’ salary rose from almost $15 million in the first year of his deal to over $21 million in the fifth year. Luckily, the Magic didn’t have to pay him past mid-2010, when they traded him to the Wash ington Wizards.Who would trade for such a ridiculous contract you ask? Read the next entry to find out.Lesson: Whenever possible, avoid putting off the financial pain. Your future self (and your future bank account) will thank you.  4. Gilbert Arenas Washington Wizards 6 Years, $111 million (2008)Why, exactly, were the 2010 Washington Wizards willing to take on Rashard Lewis and his massive deadweight contract? Well, it’s because they had a massive deadweight contract of their very own, courtesy of a Gilbert “Best-Ever NBA Player Named Gilbert” Arenas!Lewis’s contract might have been worse due to the backloaded salaries, but Arenas was definitely the more washed player, making this trade one of the most hallowed “my trash for your garbage” transactions in NBA history.For three seasons, 2004 to 2007, Gilbert Arenas was an electrifying point guard and new-age superstar for the Washington Wizards. He was also a bit of a clown, which will become important later.Unfortunate ly, during the 2007-08 season, knee injuries (surprise, surprise) forced him into street clothes for all but 13 games.After that season, Arenas opted out of the final year of his contract. That might seem like a weird decision, but the Wizards took the bait, offering him six years and $111 million to stay.On the one hand, that contract was $16 million less than the max, which would be a great deal for a true-blue superstar. On the other hand, Arenas’ superstar days were all in the past.Over the next two seasons, Arenas played in only 32 games, further limited by his injuries and by the famous incident where he brought firearms into the team’s locker room. (We told you his clownishness would be important.)Finally, in late 2010, the Wizards cut bait and traded him to the Orlando Magic, who waived Arenas via the amnesty clause after that season.Arenas lasted only one more season in the NBA before retiring, but Orlando still owed him all the money left on that contract. In 2014, Are nas reported that the Magic wouldn’t be done sending him checks until 2016.Lesson: Dont base financial transactions on  what happened in the past. Base them on what you think will happen in the future.  3. Shawn Kemp Cleveland Cavaliers 7 Years, $107 Million Dollars (1997)If the Rashard Lewis contract seems mystifying to you, then you can at least say this about the Shawn Kemp contract: It made sense at the time. When the Cleveland Cavaliers traded for Shawn Kemp in 1997 and signed him to a seven-year, $107 million dollar extension, they were paying a superstar like a superstar.And for the first year of that contract, Kemp even played like a superstar too!But then came the 1998-99 NBA lockout, after which Kemp came back to work completely out of shape. And while he managed to average a career high 20.5 points per game over the following (abbreviated) season, things only deteriorated from there.After one more disappointing season in Cleveland, Kemp was traded to the Portland Trai l Blazers, where his play fell off a cliff. His first season in Portland ended with him in rehab for abusing cocaine; his second season ended with him being waived.But first, the Trail Blazers restructured that massive contract, with ESPN reporting deferred payments being made to Kemp over the next 10 years.This is one of those bad contracts that somehow ended up being worse for the team that traded for the player than the one who signed him initially.Lesson: If a deal seems too good to be trueâ€"like getting Kemp must have seemed for Portlandâ€"then it probably isnt true. Or good.  2. Chandler Parsons Grizzlies 4 Years, $94 Million (2016)This might be recency bias talking, but when it comes to paying a whole lot to get almost nothing in return, Chandler Parson’s contract with the Memphis Grizzlies is verrrry  close to taking the bad contract  cake.Signed duringâ€"when elseâ€"the summer of 2016, Parsons was seen as the final piece of the puzzle that would push Marc Gasol and Mik e Conley-led Memphis over the top.Instead, his contract has been the albatross thats weighed them down.When he played for the Dallas Mavericks, Parsons was very good. He was never an All-Star (literally, he never made an All-Star team), but he was the kind of player that an owner could talk themselves into being the third-best guy on a championship contender.This contract was always going to be an overpay, but it still could have worked out okay.Except it didn’t. Parsons’ knee injuries, an extremely known problem from his Dallas days, have limited him to only 70 games over the past two years. And in those games he has played, he’s been … quite bad.In the salary cap era of the NBA, overpays like this one can completely doom an otherwise promising team. Memphis went all in when they made a big bet on Parsons, but they should have taken a look around the table and simply folded instead.Lesson: Sometimes, the best money you spend is the money you don’t spend.1. Jim McIlvaine Seattle Supersonics 7 Years, $34 Million (1996)Jim McIlwho? Exactly.One of the reasons this contract stands out as so egregiously bad is that Jim McIlvaine was a completely anonymous player.While keeping in mind that contracts in the 1990’s were much lower than they are today (before the 1996-97 season, Michael Freaking Jordan never made more than $4 million a year), McIlvaine’s seemingly reasonable salary was still a monumental overpay.In his second year in the league playing for the Washington Bullets, Center Jim McIlvaine started a grand total of six games and averaged 2.3 points, 2.9 rebounds, and 2.1 blocks per game.So, of course, the 1996 Seattle Supersonics decided to sign him to a seven-year deal that paid him $3 million dollars in his first seasonâ€"almost as much as Seattle star Shawn Kemp, who you might remember from spot number three.In fact, McIlvaine’s deal was one of the reasons that Kemp soured on the Sonics and forced a trade to Cleveland. This deal was so ba d that is begat other historically awful deals!If the Sonics were expecting some kind of massive leap from their new acquisition (and they had to be, right?), it was a dream that never became reality.McIlvaine’s best year with the team was his first, wherein he started 79 games and contributed a whopping … 3.8 points, 4.0 rebounds, 2.0 blocks per gameâ€"plus 1.0 furious superstars.After two seasons, McIlvaine was traded to the New Jersey Nets, where he played for three more seasons before being cut. In 2000-01, McIlvaine’s final NBA season, he brought home $6 million.Oh, and when the Nets cut him, they still owed him an extra $4 million for the final year on his terrible, awful, no good, historically bad contract.Lesson: This contract is so bad there is no lesson. Just don’t dont do this. Whatever this is.  To learn more about the financial side of sports and pop culture, check out these related posts from OppLoans:5 Financial Facts About the Olympics That Might Surprise Y ouWhich Avenger Gives Marvel the Most Bang for Its Buck?How Student-Athlete Insurance Protects Financial FuturesHow to Get Rich Quick in These 6 Fantasy WorldsWhat else do you want to know about the financial side of sports? We want to hear from you! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.

The Fall of Rome

From its early days as a monarchy, through the Republic and the Roman Empire, Rome lasted a millennium ... or two. Those who opt for two millennia date the Fall of Rome to 1453 when the Ottoman Turks took Byzantium (Constantinople). Those who opt for one millennium, agree with Roman historian Edward Gibbon. Edward Gibbon dated the Fall to September 4, A.D. 476 when a so-called barbarian named Odoacer (a Germanic leader in the Roman army), deposed the last western Roman emperor, Romulus Augustulus, who was probably partly of Germanic ancestry. Odoacer considered Romulus so paltry a threat he didnt even bother to assassinate him, but sent him into retirement.* The Roman Empire Lasted Beyond the Fall The Byzantine Emperor vs. the Western Emperor:  At the time of the coup and for the two preceding centuries, there had been two emperors of Rome. One lived in the east, usually in Constantinople (Byzantium). The other lived in the west, usually somewhere in Italy, although not necessarily the city of Rome. The emperor whom Odoacer deposed had lived in Ravenna, Italy. Afterwards, there was still one Roman emperor, Zeno, who lived in Constantinople. Odoacer became the first barbarian king of the western empire.The Roman People Lived On:  While this bloodless coup in 476 is a frequently accepted date for the Fall of Rome and the beginning of the Middle Ages, it was not, at the time, a major turning point. Many events and tendencies led up to it and there were many people who continued to think of themselves and who continue to be thought of as Romans.Europes Kingdoms (From the Ashes of the Roman Empire): The following resources relate to the end of the Roman Empire and the Fall of R ome. This includes theories about the Fall of Rome (including lead) and several of the Roman emperors whose actions hastened the end of the Roman Empire in the West. There is a section with information on important men whose origins were far from the city of Rome. Causes of the Fall of Rome Theories on the Fall of Rome Non-Romans Who Impacted the Fall of Rome GothsGoths Origins?Michael Kulikowsky explains why Jordanes, our main source on the Goths, who is himself considered a Goth, should not be trusted.AttilaProfile of Attila, who is known as the Scourge of God.The HunsIn the revised edition of The Huns, E. A. Thompson raises questions about the military genius of Attila the Hun.IllyriaDescendants of the early settlers of the Balkans came into conflict with the Roman Empire.JordanesJordanes, himself a Goth, abridged a lost history of the Goths by Cassiodorus.OdoacerThe barbarian who deposed the emperor of Rome.Sons of NubelSons of Nubel and the Gildonic WarIf the sons of Nubel hadnt been so eager to do away with one another, Africa might have become independent of Rome.StilichoBecause of personal ambition, Praetorian Prefect Rufinus prevented Stilicho from destroying Alaric and the Goths when they had a chance.AlaricAlaric TimelineAlaric didnt want to sack Rome, but he did want a place for his Goths to stay and a suitable title within th e Roman Empire. Although he didnt live to see it, the Goths received the first autonomous kingdom within the Roman Empire. Rome and Romans Fall of Rome Books:  Recommended reading for a modern perspective on the reasons for the fall of Rome.End of the Republic:  Content related to the men and events from the Gracchi and Marius through the turbulent years between Julius Caesars assassination and the start of the principate under Augustus.Why Rome Fell:  476 CE, the date Gibbon used for the fall of Rome based on the fact that it was then that Odoacer deposed the emperor of Rome, is controversial—as are the reasons for the fall.Roman Emperors Leading to the Fall:  You could say Rome was on the verge of falling from the time of its first emperor or you could say Rome fell in 476 CE or 1453, or even that it hasnt yet fallen.   End of the Republic *I think its relevant to point out that the last king of Rome was also not assassinated, but merely expelled. Although ex-king Tarquinius Superbus (Tarquin the Proud) and his Etruscan allies tried to get the throne back by warlike means, Tarquins actual deposition was bloodless, according to the legends the Romans told about themselves.

Essay about puritanism - 1242 Words

The Puritans dream was to create a model society for the rest of the Christians.. Their goal was to make a society in every way connected to god. Every aspect of their lives, from political views and employment to recreation and dress, was taken into account in order to live a more pious life. But to really understand what the aspirations of the puritans were, we must first understand their beliefs. The Puritans believed that a man’s only purpose in life was â€Å"to glorify God on earth and, if he were especially fortunate, to continue the good work in Heaven.† For the puritans, to glorify god meant keeping him in mind at all times, working to the best of their ability at whatever job god had had set fate for them to do, and following a†¦show more content†¦The Puritans goal in New England was to create the perfect pure society where nobody sinned and God ruled completely. They attempted this by making laws about and regulating every aspect of life in the colo ny. To achieve this, the church needed to rule the colony. And if the church ruled the colony, only the real Puritans could be part of the church. They believed only a minority of the population pure enough to be a part of the church. In reality very few people were ever able to give enough evidence that they had completed their part. As a result, two-thirds of the population failed to qualify as church members. The Puritans enacted many laws to keep the non-Puritans living religious lives. They created an official whose only job was to check up on ten families daily to see if anything out of the ordinary was happening and to make sure everyone who was able went to church. Their idea was that everybody, even if they weren’t part of the church, should be very religious. Therefore they created their laws with principles based on the Old Testament. They dreamed of a society where everybody followed the laws and lived a peaceful, god-fearing existence. To make this dream realizab le, the Puritans created severe penalties for breaking the laws. These ranged from whipping and being thrown in the stocks for minor offenses, to banishment and death by hanging for serious ones. To be a good Puritan one had to work hard allShow MoreRelatedThe Existence Of Religion Of Puritanism1770 Words   |  8 Pageseighteenth centuries was home to the religion of Puritanism. Many writers of the period were Puritan and produced large quantities of religious poetry. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, Puritan poetry was primarily written with the purpose of converting people to Puritanism, and used death as the primary device in motivating people to convert. Before addressing the primary topic of Puritan poetry and its primary purpose of converting people to Puritanism, it is prevalent to address some factorsRead MorePuritanism And Its Negative Portrayal Of The Body1641 Words   |  7 PagesPuritanism: Resisting The Body’s Temptations Puritanism has been a strong influence on American Literature and it still is to this day. Puritans have shaped our culture immensely with their art that represents their beliefs so clearly. One of the most fascinating things we have come to learn about the Puritans is the constant battle they faced each day. Puritans struggled to stay true to their religion due to everyday temptations. One of the biggest temptations would be The Body. We can identifyRead MoreYoung Goodman Brown: The Evils of Puritanism Essay1728 Words   |  7 PagesPuritanism dominated 17th century history and literature. Nathaniel Hawthorne born in 1804 was an American writer who sought to resolve his conflicts with Puritanism through his writing. Hawthorne wrote several stories showing the world the horrors of the Puritan faith and the isolation of individuals who failed to uphold the faith. For Hawthorne, Young Goodman Brown illustrates the difference between Puritan teaching and practicing and reflects his ow n guilt about the mistreatment of men at theRead MoreDiffering Views Of Puritanism : Bradstreet Vs. Taylor2044 Words   |  9 PagesFedor 1 Differing Views of Puritanism: Bradstreet vs. Taylor When the Puritans came to America in the 1600s, they brought many aspects of their lives with them, including their beliefs in modesty, hard work, and religious devotion. Their strong values in religion were a constant part of their everyday life and were a big feature of their society. Even though they were urged to suppress their feelings and fully devote themselves to God, some Puritans had struggles with this, and used poetry toRead MoreHow Far Was James Successful in Dealing with the Problems Presented by Puritanism in 1611-1625?954 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout James’ reign, religion, especially Puritanism was kept respectably under control, however incurring minor ‘hiccups’ along the way. James was indifferent to religious prejudice and aimed to please both Catholics and protestants; introducing the Jacobean compromise. Before 1611 when Abbot succeeded Bancroft (previous archbishop), there were many glitches concerning the puritans including the Millen ary Petition, Hampton Court Conference and Bancroft’s Cannons which caused mild uproar amongRead MoreThe American Dream: Colonial Period2656 Words   |  11 PagesAmerica today. The writings from the Colonial Period helped lead a movement of the Puritan faith away from the Church of England. The writing of the American Puritanism was one of the most influential religious movements of the 1600s, spurred by the writings of authors like Jonathan Edwards and Mary Rowlandson. The writing of the American Puritanism movement were led by the movement of the puritan’s rebellion against the Church of England (Lawson). Works from the Colonial Literary period aided the developmentRead MoreThe On The Hands Of An Angry God1056 Words   |  5 Pages Edwards, a puritan preachers from the eighteenth century, uses his words as scare tactics to persuade the listener to repent. This would be considered similar to the hellfire and brimstone preachers of today. This is one of the lasting effects puritanism has left on America. Although the ideology of the puritans has lost its favor in society, and its hold is slowly loosening. This can be seen in politics, churches, and society as a whole. Edwards would not be pleased with this. The thought of himRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1026 Words   |  5 Pagesgave a discourse of his own views on how people act and how hypocrisy can be deadly. By writing The Scarlet Letter and integrating the symbols of Pearl, various settings, and the red A of Hester and Reverend Dimmesdale, Hawthorne shone a light on Puritanism as a judgmental, negative way of life and with excessive punishment for sin. Read More Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown - The Puritans and Love Essay1121 Words   |  5 Pagesnecessity, that is, they saw physical love (between a man and a woman, or sexuality and all it carries with it) as such. The emotional turmoil affecting Goodman Brown clearly expresses this. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The problem we find in this story, and in puritanism, is that it presents contrasting views of love. Attachment to earthly possessions, to other people in fact, is discouraged, because everything physical leads to temptation and damnation, and ultimately hell, while the road to salvation of the individualRead MoreForced to Choose Between Morals and Society in The Puritan Dilemma by Edmund S. Morgan600 Words   |  3 Pagesless risky than being associated with the church of the old world. In Morgans Puritan Dilemma, Puritans actually somewhat provided opportunity for the British population in the early American history. They established a purely religious society. Puritanism created both loyal supporters and critics. In most peoples opinions in the world now days, we may believe that puritans were evil brainwashing crazy people but I do have an open mind and I could somewhat agreement with the things they have done

Top Guide of Grade 12 Essay Samples

Top Guide of Grade 12 Essay Samples Writing an essay is an essential role in academe life. The body of your essay needs to be supported by research evidence you could gather. Violence happened in one of the biggest provinces Kwa Zulu Natal. A persuasive essay needs to be able to grab the interest of the folks reading it easily. Although it's not recommended, paraphrasing the quote in your essay is an excellent approach to back up your argument. Most academic essay topics usually ask you to select a side in an argument or maybe to defend a specific side against criticism. Reviewing some narrative essay examples will be able to help you to organize your information and help you decide how to compose each paragraph to acquire the best outcomes. Finally utilize outside sources to help you acquire the very best result possible. The government was supposed to check with all party authorities. If you're going to write a comparative essay, you will need to get a notion of the impacts of distinct aspects to the result which you may get at the conclusion of the writing activity. Some individuals using social networking networks as a means to attach with the outside world. Lies You've Been Told About Grade 12 Essay Sample s You might also see synthesis essay. You can also see essay examples. You may discover narrative essay examples wherever you locate a great story. The next narrative essay examples are able to help you begin writing your very own narrative essay. Just comply with the guidelines stated above, and you're going to be well on your way to writing a fantastic persuasive essay. To truly persuade somebody in your persuasive essay, you need to be smoooooth. To compose an impressive short essay, especially during an examination, you have to be in a position to hit the question and offer a straightforward answer while at the very same time observing the most suitable structure of an essay. Simply take a look at the subsequent persuasive essay. Writing of scholarship graduate essay is an extremely tough academic task simply because students are needed to demonstrate they are capable of accomplishing the task that they're applying for. Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about an approaching deadline. In 10th grade, they should be able to write and complete written compositions on a regular basis. High school, college, and sometimes even university students from all around the world are writing persuasive essays. Base d on the writing task which you have at hand, the things which you may include in your comparative essay can fluctuate. The social networking networks are really good since they make it possible for you to stay in contact with the said family. The simplest way to figure out the form of an essay is to realize the writer's point of view. If you wish to figure out how to compose a decent persuasive essay, you're looking in the proper place! The Hidden Facts on Grade 12 Essay Samples Grade 10 essay format This kind of essay ought to have two or three significant sections. One of the most typical forms of writing is essay writing. Don't forget that any argumentative essay sample you'll discover on the internet will require a full rewriting in order to prevent plagiarism. Inside this section you'll find samples of essays belonging to different essay types and manners of formatting. Which is precisely why we here offer you some persuasive essay samples that could assist you with your own. Narrative essays are grouped under nonfiction and is founded on experience. Qualities of a very good persuasive essay topic The topic ought to be specific. Selecting a great topic for your essay is among the most crucial and frequently tricky parts for many students. Grade 12 Essay Samples - the Conspiracy The price generally changes depending on the essay type. You may also acquire several discounts on our site which will help you to save some more money for future orders or anything you want to spend them on. Its cost can hamper the attribute of the content produced. Summary Hiring an affordable essay service may be a proper selection for students at one time crunch.

Bill Gates Biography Essay Example For Students

Bill Gates: Biography Essay William H. Gates Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Microsoft CorporationWilliam (Bill) H. Gates is chairman and chief executive officer of MicrosoftCorporation, the leading provider, worldwide, of software for the personalcomputer. Microsoft had revenues of $8.6 billion for the fiscal year ending June1996, and employs more than 20,000 people in 48 countries. Born on October 28, 1955, Gates and his two sisters grew up in Seattle. Theirfather, William H. Gates II, is a Seattle attorney. Their late mother, MaryGates, was a schoolteacher, University of Washington regent and chairwoman ofUnited Way International. Gates attended public elementary school and the private Lakeside School. There,he began his career in personal computer software, programming computers at age13. In 1973, Gates entered Harvard University as a freshman, where he lived down thehall from Steve Ballmer, now Microsofts executive vice president for sales andsupport. While at Harvard, Gates developed the programming language BASIC forthe first microcomputer the MITS Altair. In his junior year, Gates dropped out of Harvard to devote his energies to Microsoft, a company he had begun in 1975 with Paul Allen. Guided by a belief that the personal computer would be a valuable tool on every office desktop and in every home, they began developing software for personal computers. Gates foresight and vision regarding personal computing have been central tothe success of Microsoft and the software industry. Gates is actively involvedin key management and strategic decisions at Microsoft, and plays an importantrole in the technical development of new products. A significant portion of histime is devoted to meeting with customers and staying in contact with Microsoftemployees around the world through e-mail. Under Gates leadership, Microsofts mission is to continually advance andimprove software technology and to make it easier, more cost-effective and moreenjoyable for people to use computers. The company is committed to a long-termview, reflected in its investment of more than $2 billion on research anddevelopment in the current fiscal year. As of December 12, 1996, Gates Microsoft stock holdings totaled 282,217,980shares. In 1995, Gates wrote The Road Ahead, his vision of where information technologywill take society. Co-authored by Nathan Myhrvold, Microsofts chief technologyofficer, and Peter Rinearson, The Road Ahead held the No. 1 spot on the New YorkTimes bestseller list for seven weeks. Published in the U.S. by Viking, thebook was on the NYT list for a total of 18 weeks. Published in more than 20countries, the book sold more than 400,000 copies in China alone. In 1996, whileredeploying Microsoft around the Internet, Gates thoroughly revised The RoadAhead to reflect his view that interactive networks are a major milestone inhuman history. The paperback second edition has also become a bestseller. Gatesis donating his proceeds from the book to a non-profit fund that supportsteachers worldwide who are incorporating computers into their classrooms. In addition to his passion for computers, Gates is interested in biotechnology. He sits on the board of the Icos Corporation and is a shareholder in Darwin Molecular, a subsidiary of British-based Chiroscience. He also founded Corbis Corporation, which is developing one of the largest resources of visual information in the worlda comprehensive digital archive of art and photography from public and private collections around the globe. Gates also has invested with cellular telephone pioneer Craig McCaw in Teledesic, a company that is working on an ambitious plan to launch hundreds of low-orbit satellites around the globe to provide worldwide two-way broadband telecommunications service. In the decade since Microsoft has gone public, Gates has donated more than $270million to charities, including $200 million to the William H. Gates Foundation. .u957ea32846b525d74e5ca5af96614822 , .u957ea32846b525d74e5ca5af96614822 .postImageUrl , .u957ea32846b525d74e5ca5af96614822 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u957ea32846b525d74e5ca5af96614822 , .u957ea32846b525d74e5ca5af96614822:hover , .u957ea32846b525d74e5ca5af96614822:visited , .u957ea32846b525d74e5ca5af96614822:active { border:0!important; } .u957ea32846b525d74e5ca5af96614822 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u957ea32846b525d74e5ca5af96614822 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u957ea32846b525d74e5ca5af96614822:active , .u957ea32846b525d74e5ca5af96614822:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u957ea32846b525d74e5ca5af96614822 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u957ea32846b525d74e5ca5af96614822 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u957ea32846b525d74e5ca5af96614822 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u957ea32846b525d74e5ca5af96614822 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u957ea32846b525d74e5ca5af96614822:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u957ea32846b525d74e5ca5af96614822 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u957ea32846b525d74e5ca5af96614822 .u957ea32846b525d74e5ca5af96614822-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u957ea32846b525d74e5ca5af96614822:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Down syndrome 2 EssayThe focus of Gates giving is in three areas: education, population issues andaccess to technology. Gates was married on Jan. 1, 1994 to Melinda French Gates. They have one child,Jennifer Katharine Gates, born in 1996. Gates is an avid reader and enjoys playing golf and bridge. Category: Technology

Demat account Essay Essay Example

Demat account Essay Essay The trading on stock exchanges in India used to take topographic point through unfastened call without usage of information engineering for immediate matching or recording of trades. This was clip consuming and inefficient. This imposed bounds on trading volumes and efficiency. In order to supply efficiency. liquidness and transparence. NSE introduced a nation-wide online to the full automated screen based trading system where a member can plug into the computing machine measures of securities and the monetary values at which he likes to transact and the dealing is executed every bit shortly as it finds a duplicate sale or purchase order from a counter party. Screen based electronic system electronically matches orders on a rigorous price/time precedence and hence cuts down on clip. cost and hazard of mistake. every bit good as on fraud ensuing in improved operational efficiency. It allows faster incorporation of monetary value sensitive information into predominating monetary values . therefore increasing the informational efficiency of markets. We will write a custom essay sample on Demat account Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Demat account Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Demat account Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It enables market participants. irrespective of their geographical locations. to merchandise with one another coincident. bettering the deepness and liquidness of the market. It provides full namelessness by accepting orders. large or little. from members without uncovering their individuality. therefore supplying equal entree to everybody. It besides provides a perfect audit test. which helps to decide differences by logging in the trade executing procedure entireness. The sucked liquidness from other exchanges and in the really first twelvemonth of its operation. NSE became the taking stock exchange in the state. impacting the lucks of other exchanges and coercing them to follow SBTS besides. Today India can tout that about 100 % trading return topographic point through electronic order fiting. In order to advance dematerialization of securities. NSE joined custodies with taking fiscal establishments to set up the national securities depositary Ltd. ( NSDL ) . the first depositary in the state. with the aim of heightening the efficiency in colony systems as besides to cut down the threat of fake/forged and stolen securities. This has ushered in an epoch of dematerialised trading and colony. SEBI has made dematerialised colony mandatary in an of all time -increasing figure of securities in a phased mode. therefore conveying about an addition in the proportion of portions delivered in dematerialised signifier. There is an increasing penchant to settle trades. peculiarly in high value securities. in demat signifier. Such high degree of demat colony reassures success of turn overing colony. What is DEMAT In India. a demat history. the abbreviation for dematerialised history. is a type of banking history which dematerializes paper-based physical stock portions. Conversion of Securities from Physical ( Paper ) Mode into Electronic Mode is Called Dematerialisation. The Client opens Demat Account with any DP. Upon Demat. the Certificates are destroyed and recognition entry of precisely equal figure of Securities is created in Depository in Electronic manner. The B. O. history of holder is credited and the securities loose their individualities. The dematerialised history is used to avoid keeping physical portions: the portions are bought and sold through a stock agent. This history is popular in India. The market regulator. securities and exchange board of India ( SEBI ) mandates a demat history for portion trading above 500 portions. As of April 2006. it became compulsory that any individual keeping a demat history should possess a lasting history figure ( PAN ) . and the deadline for entry of PAN inside informations to the depositary lapsed on January 2007. Dematerialisation is the procedure by which physical certifications of an investor are converted to an tantamount figure of securities in electronic signifier and credited in the investor’s history with its DP. In order to dematerialise certifications ; an investor will hold to first open an history with a DP and so bespeak for the dematerialisation of certifications by make fulling up a dematerialisation petition signifier [ DRF ] . which is available with the DP and subjecting the same along with the physical certifications. The investor has to guarantee that before the certifications are handed over to the DP for dem at. they are defaced by taging â€Å"Surrendered for Dematerialisation† on the face of the certifications. Aim of the Study †¢ The chief aim of the survey is to cognize about the potency of the market sing people’s covering in portion market. †¢ To cognize the function of Demat Account.†¢ To cognize the process of opening DEMAT ACCOUNT.†¢ The aim is to cognize that how many people in the metropolis are cognizant of the UNICON SECURITIES PVT. LTD. †¢ To cognize where people have already opened their demat a/c and on what footing. Procedure for Opening an History A demat history are opened on the same lines as that of a Bank Account. Prescribed Account gap signifiers are available with the DP. demands to be filled in. Standard Agreements are to be signed by the Client and the DP. which inside informations the rights and duties of both parties †¢ The DP functionaries will do available the relevant history opening signifier ( depending on whether the client is a retail investor or corporate client/clearing member ) and stipulate the list of paperss sing mentions that should be submitted along with the signifier. It will besides give a transcript of the relevant understanding to be entered with the client. in extra. †¢ The client will subject the duly filled in history opening signifier and client has to see personally for opening the history in DP. The DP functionaries have to make in individual confirmation and stick on the â€Å"IN PERSON VERIFICATION† cast on the history opening signifier. It should besides supply such paper ss sing mentions. as specified by the DP. along with the history opening signifier. After put to deathing the understanding the client has to send on it to the DP. †¢ The DP functionaries will verify that the history opening signifier is punctually filled in. It will besides verify the enclosed paperss. if any. Incomplete signifiers will be forwarded to the client for rectification. For Corporate Clients. the DP functionaries will verify if the board declaration for the authorised signers is enclosed. †¢ In instance the paperss are non proper. the DP functionaries will reject the signifier and adumbrate the client of the same. saying the grounds for making so. †¢ If the signifier is in order ; the DP functionaries will accept the same and stick on the cast â€Å"verified with original† on each and every cogent evidence after seeing the original cogent evidence. †¢ After completion of all certification. the DP functionaries will verify the pan from income revenue enhancement web site. And affix the cast â€Å"PAN VERIFIED† with day of the month and mark on the cast. †¢ The DP functionaries will come in the client inside informations as mentioned in the history opening signifier in the DPM ( package provided by NSDL A ; CDSL to the Participant ) screen provided for the intent. In instance of NSDL A/c opening the SR. Assist will capture all the inside informations in the DPM and enter the client’s signature ( on the signifier ) as specimen for mandates in the hereafter. †¢ After come ining client inside informations in the system. a client history figure will be generated by the DPM. The DP functionaries will come in this in the history opening signifier. After that the officers will verify the inside informations in the DPM captured by the SR. Assist. and activate the history. †¢ The DP functionaries are non allowed to give the demat a/c no to the clients until the a/c is activate. this is applicable for both NSDL A ; CDSL. †¢ When the demat a/c is activated the DP functionaries have to direct the client maestro and the transcript of understanding between DP and client at the client’s reference DEMAT Process †¢ The registered holder of the securities makes the petition. †¢ Securities must be recognised by Depository as eligible. †¢ Client submits DRF A ; physical certifications to DP. DP checks securities. †¢ Client defaces certifications and DP clouts two holes on name of company. †¢ DP enters demat petition in system for Depository. †¢ DP despatchs certifications along with DRF to R A ; T.†¢ Depository records the inside informations and sends to R A ; T.†¢ R A ; T agent verifies the inside informations and confirms to Depository. †¢ Depository credits the demat securities to BO a/c of client and intimates DP electronically. †¢ DP issues statement to client

History of Generations of Computers Essays

History of Generations of Computers Essays History of Generations of Computers Essay History of Generations of Computers Essay The computers that you see and use today hasnt come off by any inventor at one go. Rather it took centuries of rigorous research work to reach the present stage. And scientists are still working hard to make it better and better. But that is a different story. First, let us see when the very idea of computing with a machine or device, as against the conventional manual calculation, was given a shape. Though experiments were going on even earlier, it dates back to the 17th century when the first such successful device came into being. Edmund Gunter, an English mathematician, is credited with its development in 1620. Yet it was too primitive to be recognized even as the forefather of computers. The first mechanical digital calculating machine was built in 1642 by the French scientist-philosopher Blaise Pascal. And since then the ideas and inventions of many mathematicians, scientists, and engineers paved the way for the development of the modern computer in following years. But the world has had to wait for yet another couple of centuries to reach the next milestone in developing a computer. Then it was the English mathematician and inventor Charles Babbage who did the wonder with his works during 1830s. In fact, he was the first to work on a machine that can use and store values of large mathematical tables. The most important thing of this machine is its use in recording electric impulses, coded in the very simple binary system, with the help of only two kinds of symbols. This is quite a big leap closer to the basics on which computers today work. However, there was yet a long way to go. And, compared to present day computers, Babbages machine could be regarded as more of high-speed counting devices. For, they could only work on numbers alone! The Boolean algebra developed in the 19th century removed the numbers-alone limitation for these counting devices. This technique of mathematics, invented by Boole, helped correlate the binary digits with our language. For instance, the values of 0s are related with false statements and 1s with the true ones. British mathematician Alan Turing made further progress with the help of his theory of a computing model. Meanwhile the technological advancements of the 1930s helped much in furthering the advancement of computing devices. But the direct forefathers of present-day computer systems evolved in about 1940s. The Harvard Mark 1 Computer designed by Howard Aiken is the worlds first digital computer which made use of electro-mechanical devices. It was developed jointly by the International Business Machines (IBM) and the Harvard University in 1944. But the real breakthrough was the concept of the stored-program computer. This was when the Hungarian-American mathematician John von Neumann introduced the Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer (EDVAC). The ideathat instructions as well as data should be stored in the computers memory for better resultsmade this device totally different from its counting device type of forerunners. And since then computers have increasingly become faster and more powerful. Still, as against the present days personal computers, they had the simplest form of designs. It was based on a single CPU performing various operations, like, addition, multiplication and so on. And these operations would be performed following an order of instructions, called program, to produce the desired result. This form of design, was followed, with a little change even in the advanced versions of computers developed later. This changed version saw a division of the CPU into memory and arithmetic logical unit (ALU) parts and a separate input and output sections. In fact, the first four generations of computers followed this as their basic form of design. It was basically the type of hardware used that caused the difference over the generation. For instance, the first generation variety was based on vacuum tube technology. This was upgraded with the coming up of the transistors, and printed circuit board technology in the 2nd enerations. It was further upgraded by the coming up of integrated circuit chip technology where the little chips replaced a large number of components. Thus the size of computer was greatly reduced in the 3rd generation, while it become more powerful. But the real marvel came during the 1970s. It was with the introduction of the very large scale integrated technology (VLSI) in the 4th generation. Aided by this technology a tiny microprocessor can store millions of pieces of data. And based on this technology the IBM introduced its famous Personal Computers. Since then IBM itself, and other makers including Apple, Sinclair, and so forth, kept on developing more and more advanced versions of personal computers along with bigger and more powerful ones like Mainframe and Supercomputers for more complicated works. Meanwhile the tinier versions like laptops and even palmtops came up with more advanced technologies over the past couple of decades. But only advancement of technology cannot take the full credit for the amazing advancement of computers over the past few decades. Software, or the inbuilt logic to run the computer the way you like, kept on being developed at an equal pace. The coming of famous software manufacturers like Microsoft, Oracle, Sun have helped pacing up the development. The result of all these painstaking research is to add to our ease in solving complex problems at a lightning speed with a device that is easy to use and operate, called computer. In the beginning A generation refers to the state of improvement in the development of a product. This term is also used in the different advancements of computer technology. With each new generation, the circuitry has gotten smaller and more advanced than the previous generation before it. As a result of the miniaturization, speed, power, and memory of computers has proportionally increased. New discoveries are constantly being developed that affect the way we live, work and play. The First Generation: 1946-1958 (The Vacuum Tube Years) The first generation computers were huge, slow, expensive, and often undependable. In 1946 two Americans, PresperEckert, and John Mauchly built the ENIAC electronic computer which used vacuum tubes instead of the mechanical switches of the Mark I. The ENIAC used thousands of vacuum tubes, which took up a lot of space and gave off a great deal of heat just like light bulbs do. The ENIAC led to other vacuum tube type computers like the EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer) and the UNIVAC I (UNIVersal Automatic Computer). The vacuum tube was an extremely important step in the advancement of computers. Vacuum tubes were invented the same time the light bulb was invented by Thomas Edison and worked very similar to light bulbs. Its purpose was to act like an amplifier and a switch. Without any moving parts, vacuum tubes could take very weak signals and make the signal stronger (amplify it). Vacuum tubes could also stop and start the flow of electricity instantly (switch). These two properties made the ENIAC computer possible. The ENIAC gave off so much heat that they had to be cooled by gigantic air conditioners. However even with these huge coolers, vacuum tubes still overheated regularly. It was time for something new. The Second Generation: 1959-1964 (The Era of the Transistor) The transistor computer did not last as long as the vacuum tube computer lasted, but it was no less important in the advancement of computer technology. In 1947 three scientists, John Bardeen, William Shockley, and Walter Brattain working at ATTs Bell Labs invented what would replace the vacuum tube forever. This invention was the transistor which functions like a vacuum tube in that it can be used to relay and switch electronic signals. There were obvious differences between the transitor and the vacuum tube. The transistor was faster, more reliable, smaller, and much cheaper to build than a vacuum tube. One transistor replaced the equivalent of 40 vacuum tubes. These transistors were made of solid material, some of which is silicon, an abundant element (second only to oxygen) found in beach sand and glass. Therefore they were very cheap to produce. Transistors were found to conduct electricity faster and better than vacuum tubes. They were also much smaller and gave off virtually no heat compared to vacuum tubes. Their use marked a new beginning for the computer. Without this invention, space travel in the 1960s would not have been possible. However, a new invention would even further advance our ability to use computers. The Third Generation: 1965-1970 (Integrated Circuits Miniaturizing the Computer) Transistors were a tremendous breakthrough in advancing the computer. However no one could predict that thousands even now millions of transistors (circuits) could be compacted in such a small space. The integrated circuit, or as it is sometimes referred to as semiconductor chip, packs a huge number of transistors onto a single wafer of silicon. Robert Noyce of Fairchild Corporation and Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments independently discovered the amazing attributes of integrated circuits. Placing such large numbers of transistors on a single chip vastly increased the power of a single computer and lowered its cost considerably. Since the invention of integrated circuits, the number of transistors that can be placed on a single chip has doubled every two years, shrinking both the size and cost of computers even further and further enhancing its power. Most electronic devices today use some form of integrated circuits placed on printed circuit boards thin pieces of bakelite or fiberglass that have electrical connections etched onto them sometimes called a mother board. These third generation computers could carry out instructions in billionths of a second. The size of these machines dropped to the size of small file cabinets. Yet, the single biggest advancement in the computer era was yet to be discovered. The Fourth Generation: 1971-Today (The Microprocessor) This generation can be characterized by both the jump to monolithic integrated circuits(millions of transistors put onto one integrated circuit chip) and the invention of the microprocessor (a single chip that could do all the processing of a full-scale computer). By putting millions of transistors onto one single chip more calculation and faster speeds could be reached by computers. Because electricity travels about a foot in a billionth of a second, the smaller the distance the greater the speed of computers. However what really triggered the tremendous growth of computers and its significant impact on our lives is the invention of the microprocessor. Ted Hoff, employed by Intel (Robert Noyces new company) invented a chip the size of a pencil eraser that could do all the computing and logic work of a computer. The microprocessor was made to be used in calculators, not computers. It led, however, to the invention of personal computers, or microcomputers. It wasnt until the 1970s that people began buying computer for personal use. One of the earliest personal computers was the Altair 8800 computer kit. In 1975 you could purchase this kit and put it together to make your own personal computer. In 1977 the Apple IIwas sold to the public and in 1981 IBM entered the PC (personal computer) market. Today we have all heard of Intel and its Pentium ® Processors and now we know how it all got started. The computers of the next generation will have millions upon millions of transistors on one chip and will perform over abillion calculations in a single second. There is no end in sight for the computer movement. BlueCat Linux BlueCat is LynuxWorks distribution of open source Linux, enhanced to meet the requirements of embedded developers. BlueCat includes a royalty-free, open source Linux distribution and is compatible with the LynxOS RTOS, an industry leader in hard, real-time embedded software. With its heritage of reliability, availability, and serviceability, BlueCat has a common source base and development tools for multiple embedded targets. Debian GNU/Linux Debian GNU/Linux is a free distribution of the Linux based operating system. It is maintained and updated through the work of many users who volunteer their time and effort. Along with its large selection of prepackaged software is contains advanced package management tools that allow for easy installation and maintenance on individual systems and workstation clusters. Extensive pre-release testing is done to ensure the highest degree of reliability possible, and a publicly accessible bug tracking system provides an easy way to monitor customer feedback. Gentoo Linux Gentoo Linux is designed for the developer, power user and enthusiast. It incorporates the latest sources and technologies (such as ReiserFS and the Portage system). Hard Hat Linux Hard Hat Linux and the Hard Hat Linux CDK are built from 100% pure Linux components and are maintained and distributed as an open source tool kit. MontaVista ships both source and easy-to-use pre-built binary packages on the same media. Hard Hat Linux includes no hidden proprietary components, and is always completely royalty-free. The MontaVista Software Hard Hat Linux Cross Development Kit (CDK), version1. , targets the broadest array of CPU architectures and board and system-level platforms of any embedded Linux development solution available today. Whether you are building Internet appliances, portable devices,networking equipment, telephony interfaces, or other embedded and pervasive applications, you can count on MontaVista Hard Hat Linux to provide robust Linux kernel ports, device drivers, middleware, and development tools to streamline your development effort. These MontaVista products are available for download at: mvista. com/download/index. html Mandriva Mandriva Linux is a powerful operating system that is available for many platforms: 32 bit processors such as Intel Pentium ®, AMD Athlon ®, PowerPC ®; and 64 bit processors such as Intel Itanium ® and AMD Opteron ®. Mandriva Linux includes many graphical administration assistants wizards that make it intuitive and fun to use while providing all the power and robustness of other Linux systems. Hundreds of included applications make it an ideal solution for both professional and home users. MkLinux MkLinux is an Open Source operating system which consists of an implementation of the Linux operating system hosted on the Mach microkernel. Versions of MkLinux run on the Intel, PA-RISC, and PowerPC architectures. Red Hat Enterprise Linux Red Hat Enterprise Linux is a high-end Linux distribution geared toward businesses with mission-critical needs. Rock Linux ROCK Linux is a modern Linux Distribution with a powerful auto-build process. Its mostly designed for skilled Linux/Unix Administrators. Its available for multiple platforms. ROCK Linux is a small distribution, but its not a mini distribution. It comes with over 200 packages including X11 and the GNOME Desktop but excluding menu driven configuration tools (most professional users prefer configuration files). A reasonably well configured installation of Rock Linux should be useful for any computer user (even beginners). Slackware Linux Slackware Linux is compatible with most Intel PC hardware. Slackware will provide stellar performance on high-end systems, including support for symmetric multi-processing (up to 16 processors), PCI, and special code optimizations for the 486, Pentium, and Pentium Pro and AMD Athlon SUSE Linux SUSE, now a subsidiary of Novell, produces one of the most popular mainstream Linux distrbutions. Yellow Dog Linux Yellow Dog Linux is a distribution for the PowerPC architecture. There are two versions: YDL Champion Server, which is the version designed for internet, intranet, development, and other mission-critical environments that require the most out of their operating system. The second is YDLGone Home, which is the version for the home or small office. TurboLinux TurboLinux provides a suite of high performance Linux productsfor the workstation and server markets. Available in English, Japanese and Chinese, Turbolinux offers Linux solutions geared towards corporate needs as well as the home desktop. TurboLinux also offers a unique clustering solution that allows for the construction of highly available and scalable networks based on low-cost commodity components. TurboLinux currently offers the choice of Gnome, KDE or the TurboDesk GUI and is distributed with powerful desktop applications such as StarOffice and Netscape. Astaro Security Linux Astaro Security Linux is a new firewall solution: It doesstateful inspection packet filtering, content filtering, virus scanning,VPN with IPSec and much more. With the web-based management tool and theability to pull updates over the Internet it it is pretty easy to manage. It is based on a special hardened Linux 2. 4 distribution, most daemonsare running in change-roots and are protected by capabilities. CHAINSAWLINUX Chainsaw Linux is a desktop OS designed for video audio production. It includes programs like Cinelerra, Kino, Blender, Cinepaint, Audacity. It doesnt include server programs like Sendmail and Apache which would tend to weigh it down. Coyote Linux Coyote Linux is designed for use by those wishing to share an Internet connection that is provided via an ethernet connection with other computers that are connected to a local area network (LAN). These types connections include cable modems, DSL lines and leased lines. The primary focus of the Coyote design is to make it as easy as possible toconfigure and use. CRUX CRUX is a Linux distribution geared towared the experienced user in search of a system without a lot of features and packages which he or she might consider unnecessary. The maintainer explains that the philosophy behind this distributon is keep it simple. Devil-Linux Devil-Linux is a mini distribution especially designed for a firewall and promises easy customization. Devil-Linux Boots from CD so there is no need for a harddisk. It supports Intel 486 and higher processors and uses the latest Linux kernel. EnGarde Secure Linux EnGarde is a secure distribution of Linux that implements advanced security techniques. It can be used as a web, DNS, mail, database, e-commerce, and general Internet server. LinuxROM (aka PizzaBox distro) Using KYZOs unique LinuxROM distribution, a PizzaBox Server boots and runs entirely from a bootable Flash ROM giving the server system security, reliability and ease of use not available form hard disk based operating systems. Freesco Freesco is a small (single floppy) distribution of Linux intended to be a replacement for minor models of Cisco routers. It fits on one floopy disk and is designed for users to be able to use old machines (i386) to set up a router. Supports standard Ethernet cards out of the box aLinux Distribution aimed at the desktop user. Comes with all of the major packages (KDE, The GIMP, KOffice) for the end user, as well as the developer (PHP, MySQL) Pocket Linux Pocket Linux is an almost minimal, one floppy Linux system designed to quickly convert a PC workstation into a secure, Linux-based workstation. It supports the use of secure protocols for dial-up or local networking. tomsrtbt This is a small Linux operating system that fits on a single floppy disk Its useful as a root/boot/recovery disk,since it loads itself onto a RAM disk (thus allowing you to remove the floppy once its fully loaded) and comes with tools for checking and repairing most filesystems, including msdos and ext2fs. Trustix Secure Linux Trustix Secure Linux is a project to make a hardened Linux distribution for servers. It features OpenSSL, OpenSSH, Apache w/SSLPHP, Postfix, POP3 and IMAP with SSL support, ProFTP, and ftpd-BSD. ZipHam This mini distribution is made by and for Ham-radio but everybody can use it! GCL- Grey Cat Linux Grey Cat Linux is a minimalist Linux distribution that is compatible and based on Slackware 3. 5/ Basiclinux. It can be installed permanently or it can be loaded every time you need it. Download size is below 2MB. It comes with useful sofware, like a browser and word processor. ASPLinux ASPLinux is 100% RedHat compatible multipurpose GNU/Linux distribution which includes all includes all necessary components for installing high performance Internet/Intranet server or powerful multimedia workstation. The installation program featuring graphical and text modes includes ASPDiskManager an utility which let users edit a hard drive partitions data manually during the installation. It allows copying, moving, and resizing partitions with FAT16, FAT32, NTFS, Ext2, Ext3, XFS and ReiserFS file systems preserving existent data. ASPLinux has also its own graphical easy-to-use boot manager ASPLoader. Comes in Deluxe, Standard and Express editions along with OEM-edition which is distributed with new PCs Alphalinux Alfalinux is a standard portable Slackware on two floppy disks, a real linux that loads himself in RAM. Youll find only standard applications (ex. bash or lynx) and a clear system. ttylinux ttylinux a small Linux system that can run from as little as 2. 88 megabytes of space. It will provide only a text-based interface, but it enables you to dial into the Internet and surf web pages even on a low-end machine. You need to be running Linux already to be able to set this system up. GNU/Linux UTUTO GNU/Linux UTUTO is a distribution thats designed to run from a CD. Its meant for users who want to try Linux or who want to demonstrate Linux to others without having to do the standard partitioning and installation. This is the first distribution to come from Argentina GNU/Linux UTUTO is una distribucion disenada para arancar desde un CD. Esta destinada a aquellos usuarios que quieran probar Linux o para demostrar Linux a otros sin la necesidad de hacer particiones en el disco duro para una instalacion standard. Es la primera distribucion Linux de Argentina. ScrudgeWare Distribution that uses GNU tools almost exclusively. ELKS Project to create a distribution that runs on pre i386 chips (8086, 8088, i286). Targetted at created an embeddable type system. K12LTSP K12LTSP is a terminal server appliance distribution of RedHat Linux. Its aim is to allow students in school to boot from diskless workstations and run the necessary tools to use the Internet plus run a word processor (Abiword), spreadsheet (Gnumeric), image manupulation tools (GIMP) as well as many other applications. VectorLinux A light-weight distribution aimed at desktop users and based on Slackware PA-RISC Linux Linux distribution that runs on machines that use Hewlett Packards PA-RISC processor. floppyfw floppyfw is a static Linux router with firewall-capabilities. It is based on packages from Debian. Gibraltar Gibraltar is a Debian GNU/Linux-based router and firewall package that boots directly from CD-ROM. Comes in commercial and free versions. PKLinux This distribution comes in two versions: Pklinux mini, which will install under Windows. It is aimed at people who want to try Linux out. Pklinux bigi is a standard but scaled down distribution based on Slackware. It is designed to run well with little physical RAM. Small Linux Small Linux is a minimalist distribution with the Linux kernel and file utilities that can boot on older systems like i386s with little physical ram memory. smoothwall Distribution geared toward those who have unused older equipment that they want to convert into firewalls. BasicLinux Tomukas Small Linux distribution featuring mc, joe, ssh and X-window with fvwm1. I can also be booted from an MS-DOS partition. The developer states: It works for me, it may work for you but it may not. JAILBAIT JAILBAIT means JAILBAITs Another Interesting Linux But Also Intimidating Tool. It is based on LEM and aimed toward developing net type appliances. Security-Enhanced Linux Not a distribution per se, SE Linux is a version of the Linux kernel enhanced for security purposes. It is developed by the U. S. governments National Security Agency and Secure Computing Corporation with the contributions of the University of Utah EmbLin Distribution aimed at the embedded developer. It fits on a floppy. Small, but provides Internet conectivity (lynx, mail, telnet) ZipSpeak Based on ZipSlack, ZipSpeak is intended for blind and visually impaired users. Speakup, a screen reader/voice synthesizer program is included in the distribution Linpus Linux Full-featured Chinese Linux distribution offering major packages and desktop enviroments. Offers complete multi-language support. Mastodon Linux Distribution based on an older (3. 0) version of Slackware. Uses libc5 and some applications ported from FreeBSD and OpenBSD ClarkConnect ClarkConnect has taken Red Hat, eliminated some applications, added some security features and connectivity software to create an Internet gateway distribution. ELinOS Distribution aimed at embedded Linux system developers and embedded applications development. Fli4L Fli4l is a single floppy Linux-based ISDN, DSL and Ethernet-Router. It is designed to convert old computers (486s) into productive network machines. Honung Linux Honung Linux resides on two floppies and after bootup it works completely from your RAM. It is made to be used in a router, its based on busybox and its aimed at being a clean system. Dreamcast Linux Distribution Linux distribution that is designed to run on the SEGA Dreamcast. Linspire (description provided by Linspire) Linspire is a full-featured computer operating system designed for desktop and laptop computers. Based on Debian Linux, Linspire provides a powerful, stable, virus-free computing experience, yet is incredibly easy-to-use. Bundled software includes a Microsoft Office file-compatible office suite, a powerful Internet and email suite, complete song and photo programs, media players for viewing animation and videos, and much more. New software is installed and managed with just one-click from Linspires CNR Warehouse, an online library of over 2,000 programs, with the optional Linspire CNR Service. Use Linspire to do things on the Web, create and share documents, work with graphics, play music, organize digital photos, view rich multimedia files and easily connect to networks and peripherals. IPCop Firewall IPCop is a complete Linux distribution that is designed to protect home or corporate networks from attack. It is based on SmoothWall, another security conscious distribution. Keeper Linux Minimalist Linux distribution designed to meet specific application needs. Current applications include the security of internal networks linked to DSL/cable modem and dial-up connections. Others include the administration of remote servers. Keeper boots off 2 floppy disks, with its root filing system in ramdisk, so no hard drive is necessary. Now available is a KLX bootable CDROM. It is designed to work as a secure gateway between networks. Includes: Modular 2. 4. 18 Linux Kernel. Iptables Firewall. Zebra Router, RIP, OSPF, BGP. SSH2 Client and Server (Openssh). PPP Dial-on-demand Internet Gateway. Full featured Rescue Disk Facilities. Standard Syslogd System logging White Glove Linux When you boot your computer from the White Glove CD, it instantly becomes a Linux powerhouse. It comes complete with firewall software, drivers for most Ethernet cards and Disks, a wide range of networking and other amazing tools, and even complete and secure web and DNS servers. It includes an on-CD manual and tutorial, menu-based services from the X11 graphical user interface, and a set of tools that meet or exceed those you are used to today. Its easy to use, easily fits in your shirt pocket, fast to boot and run, reliable, secure, and inexpensive. Yu0-GNU-Linux Distribution that fits on 2 disks (with 3rd as upgrade) and offers: work without hard disks, but it is possible to mount them, ext3 file system included, TEA files encryption and decryption, serbo-croatian menu with many options, upgrade disk gives possibility to use GnuPg as well. graphical login screen, immediate use of serbian cyrillic or latinic letters, immediate use of croatian latinic letters and keyboards, upgrade disk gives possibility to use GnuPg as well. graphical login screen, immediate use of serbian cyrillic or latinic letters, immediate use of croatian latinic letters and keyboards, many HOWTOs and documentation in Serbo-Croatian. Source Mage GNU/Linux This is a source-based distrib ution, where the package source files are downloaded and compiled for your architecture, selected optimizations, and installed libraries. This is a fork of Sorcerer GNU/Linux of when SGL was dropped, and then later reintroduced to become a non-GPL distribution, Sorcerer Linux. (broadband recommended for source downloads). SoL Server optimized Linux SoL is short for Server optimized Linux and is a Linux distribution completely independent from other Linux-distributions. It was built from the original src-packages and is optimized for heavy-duty server work. It contains all common server applications. You need SoL if you want to install Linux-Server and dont want to spend too much time installing the system, gathering and configuring the server-packages and configuring the system to boot and work as you want it to. The revolutionary XML boot- and script-technology makes it easy to configure and make the server work. PLD Linux Distribution PLD is a free distribution that provides a vast selection of over 9000 packages with virtually every program thats available to the Linux community, from servers and programming tools to multimedia and desktop software. Its meant to be developer-friendly, meaning that its easy both to customize PLD to ones own needs and to participate in its constant improvement, visible day by day. KNOPPIX Full-featured Linux distribution that boots from a CD. Includes the latest version of KDE and OpenOffice. Can be used to work from Linux on PCs without actually installing it, so it is ideal for demonstrations of Linux. Based on Debian. Firegate Server A server operating system based on Linux, Firegate Server SMB Edition is the first ever self-managing server OS designed for small and mid-sized businesses. Firegate securely connects offices to the Internet and to each other, protecting valuable electronic information. Office staff can securely surf the web, send and receive email, host the company web site, share files, host a customer database, and more Xandros Xandros is a distribution based of Debian and KDE that seeks to make Linux simpler and easier to use while broaden the scope of day to day activities that users desire. Initially focused on the desktop, Xandros is also developing server technologies. FireCast Software Suite for Kiosks WireSpring Technologies makes FireCast, a Linux-based software suite for building and managing interactive kiosk networks. Designed for use with standard PC hardware and supporting ELO touch screens, FireCast bundles a tamper-resistant kiosk environment, customizable user interface, web browser, and full multimedia support with a plug-and-play Linux operating system. FireCast also includes a complete set of web-based remote management and advertising control tools for scheduling content, monitoring device status, and creating and tracking ad campaigns. The software requires no prior knowledge of Linux, and uses a familiar graphical interface for all administrative functions. O-Net Italian distribution oriented toward networking. (Information at the website in Italian) LinuxInstall. org Designed with Linux novices in mind, this distribution is designed to install automagically. The user does not have to worry about partitioning the hard drive or selecting packages. A set of pre-selected productivity applications are installed (web browser, mail client) and the user is ready to go. Ark Linux The Ark Linux distribution is based on Red Hat Linux and geared toward the newcomer to Linux. The developers claim it can be installed in 4 mouse clicks. TopologiLinux This distribution can be run from any versions of Windows or Dos. Very easy to install and based on latest slackware. Includes X-windows Gnome Kde and many other applications. There is support for both FAT and NTFS filesystems! ARM Linux ARM Linux is a port of Linux to machines running ARM processors. The primary work was done by Russell King with contributions from others. SoL-diag SoL-diag is a diskless Linux operating system designed for rescue and analysis of i686 type computers. The 36MB image contains over 300 programs hich can be used for education on Linux systems. SoL-diag features the current stable Linux kernel with almost all available kernel modules. With SoL-diag, watching DVD, listening to mp3s and burning CD-RWs is possible without installing Linux on your harddrive. Yoper Yoper is a full-featured distribution that is designed to run on high-end CPUs (Pentium II and IV, AMD Athon, Duron and othe r similar chips). The developers have provided for easy install of packages from other major distributions (RPM, DEB, TGZ) Damn Small Linux Damn Small Linux is a business card size (50MB) Live CD Linux distribution. Despite its miniscule size it strives to have a functional and easy to use desktop. Morphix Morphix is a live-cd distribution designed to be run from a CD-ROM drive with no need to partition and install in your hard disk. It comes in three main types, a LightGUI (small footprint) version, a medium version with KDE and a HeavyGUI version that includes both the latest KDE and GNOME along with the OpenOffice suite Puppy Puppy is a tiny distribution but with a full suite of GUI apps and loads entirely into a 48M ramdisk. This means that all applications start in the blink of an eye and respond immediately. Puppy will fit into the small distro category, but is not floppy based. Also fits the live-CD based category, but not limited to that as can install to any storage media. Arch Linux A Linux Distribution optimized for the i686 architecture. Intrinsyc Linux At the Linux kernel, Intrinsyc supports ARM and PowerPC architectures. Both code bases are tightly synchronized with the latest stable branches adopted in the Linux community. The ARM kernel base supports SA1100 and PXA250/255. IBMs PowerPC 405EP embedded processor is a new member in our repository. On top of the Linux kernels, Intrinsyc has its I-Linux distribution file system. The Intrinsyc Linux distribution is based on the Familiar Distribution which was originally designed for use on the HP/Compaq iPAQ PDA, but has proven to be easily adaptable to a wide range of ARM-based hardware. Intrinsyc has also ported the Familiar packages onto its new PowerPC architecture, providing a unique solution not currently offered from anyone else for any device on the market. Familiar Linux is based on package feeds. Once you install the base file system image, users can install additional applications as packages over the network and tailor their own file systems to specific needs. Fedora Fedora Core is RedHats plan to develop a complete, general purpose operating system exclusively from free software. The distribution was created to replace low-end, comsumer versions of RedHat Linux. Impi Linux Linux distribution developed in South Africa. It is aimed at mainstream users. Includes productivity applications for accounting, word processing/spreadsheet, web browsing, email and other office and home user needs. MEPIS Linux Debian based distribution optimized for desktop use. Runs from a live CD and can be installed to a hard disk. Comes with the latest versions of KDE, Mozilla and OpenOffice. Boast easy hardware configuration including WiFi support. Roku OS Custom-developed embedded Linux distribution specifically designed for the Roku high-definition digital media player. It includes the Linux kernel plus Rokus media APIs. It is designed to be developer friendly. DeLi Linux DeLi Linux stands for Desktop Light Linux. Its aimed at taking advantage of older machines (pre-Pentium II). DeLi Linux is based on Slackware Bonzai Linux Bonzai Linux is a distribution designed to fit on a Mini CD. Its based on Debian and offers the latest version of the popular KDE. BU Linux Distribution based on RedHat and developer for students at Boston University CERN Linux CERN Linux is a ramped-up version of RedHat Linux. It is optimized to run clusters more efficiently FREEDUC Live CD distribution developed with the help of UNESCO. It has a fully functional desktop and offers interfaces in a variety of lanaguages. Aurox Linux Aurox is a distribution developed in Poland and aimed at mainstream users. The most recent version is based on Fedora Core. blag blag is a RedHat based distribution. It offers most things that any computer user might need (office suit, multimedia, graphics and more) IDMS Linux Distibution for servers. As the project members point out, there are no GUIs, No X, No fancy s**t Feather Linux Feather Linux is a Knoppix-based distribution which fits in under 64Mb, boots off a CD or USB pendrive, and has a wide range of applications for admin, desktop and rescue use. PCQuest Linux Mainstream Linux distribution based on Red Hats Fedora Core and developed by the magazine PC Quest based in India. The distribution is apparently only obtainable through a subscription to the magazine. ATOS Linux ATOS Mini Server is designed for the use in Intranets and offers a complete all-in-one Serversolution. ATOS Professional Server is designed for the use as an Interface between the Intranet and the WAN (DMZ). SLAX Live CD distribution based on Slackware. Includes the latest version of KDE as the desktop. GoboLinux Innovative distribution that doesnt use the traditional Linux file system hierarchy. Each application gets its own directory system. Insigne GNU/Linux Mainstream Linux distribution based on Red Hat. VLOS Distribution based on Gentoo and aimed at maintream users. Lineox Enterprise Linux Distribution from Finland that contains all freely distributable packages from Red Hat Enterprise Linux. Catix Live CD distribution produced in Catalonia, Spain. Program interfaces and documention are in Catalonian (Catalan). White Box Linux A distribution that aims to be a free version of Red Hat Enterprise Linux. StartCom Linux Distribution with four versions all based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux. The versions are geared toward business data centers, home use, office workstations and software developers. HostGIS Linux Distribution developed especially for handing GIS (Geographic Information Systems) rpath Linux Distribution designed to use the Conary system, a distributed software management system alternatives to RPM and dpkg systems for updates. Quantian Live CD distribution based on Knoppix/Debian. It is geared toward numerical and quantitative analysis Berry Linux Live CD distribution based on Fedora. CCux Linux Distribution aimed at machines with i686 and higher processor. Updates based on RPM and apt. stresslinux Minimalist distribution that can boot from a CD, usb-stic or usb-floppy. Designed to stress-test hardware. Austrumi Small (50mb) live CD distribution based on Slackware. Annvix Distribution that aims to be a hardened version of Mandrake. Zenwalk Minislack Linux is a distribution aimed at developers but also includes the normal list of applications for general desktop use. As the name implies, its based on Slackware Adamantix Security enhanced version of Debian GNU/Linux. QiLinux Mainstream Linux distribution developed in Italy tinysofa Hardened Linux distribution that comes in two versions, classic and enterprise. Bayanihan Linux Mainstream distribution developed by the Advanced Science and Technology Institute of the Philippines CensorNet CensorNet provides users with the ability to filter network content and restrict access. Ubuntu Linux Mainstream distribution based on Debian that includes the latest version of all major software packages. The developers aim to make it accessable in many languages. Asianux Distribution aimed at servers and developed by Red Flag of China and Miracle Linux Cooperation of Japan ASLinux Desktop Distribution from Spain aimed at home users. Based on Debian. BioBrew Linux Linux distribution designed to be run on a cluster and enhanced for bioinformaticists and life scientists. BRaiLleSPEAK Debian-based minimalist distribution designed for sight-impared individuals. RedHawk Linux Real-time Linux distribution designed to be used embedded in devices. neoLinux Distribution designed for small and medium businesses. Developed in Brazil. Danix Live CD distribution based on Knoppix and optimized for Czech and Slovak users. Dappix Danish version of Knoppix DietLinux Floppy or CD based minimalist Linux distribution designed to use small-footprint libraries dyne:bolic Live CD distribution aimed at multimedia developers and designed to run effectively on older hardware. eduKnoppix Live CD distribution created in Italy and optimized for use in Italian schools. As the name indicates, it is based on Knoppix. Fermi Linux Security enhanced distribution based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux GeeXboX Live CD distribution centered around MPlayer and designed to be a multimedia player. Gentoox Distribution based on Gentoo and designed to run on the X-Box PXES Minimalist distribution designed to turn older PCs into diskless thin clients. Hakin9 Live Live CD distribution that comes with security oriented tools Hikarunix Live CD distribution especially designed to play the game of Go. INSERT Live CD distribution designed to be used for disaster recovery for both Linux and Windows (supports NTFS, FAT and MSDOS) systems. Based on Knoppix LinVDR Minimalist Linux distribution aimed at turning a machine with modest hardware into a Video Disk Recorder (VDR) and Personal Video Recorder (PVR) Games Knoppix Version of the live CD distribution Knoppix modified to include a large variety of games. Runs best with 3D optimized video cards. eLux eLux is a version of Linux for embedded systems specifically thin clients. Its designed to provide access to both MS Windows and Linux on remote systems PCLinuxOS Attractive live CD distribution based on Mandrake. It is user-friendly and aimed at the general public. SAM Minimalist but attractive live CD distribution based on Mandrake. The whole system fits in 200 MB GoblinX Live CD distribution based on Slackware. Comes with many of the most popular applications for Linux Santa Fe Linux Santa Fe features automatic hardware detection and configuration. Our distribution was designed to make the best open source software available to the ordinary user. Good for beginners and experts alike, Santa Fes simple interface and graphical installer remove the frustration from Linux Flash Linux Distribution that can run from USB key drive or similiar devices. Based on Gentoo. LVP LVP is a live CD distribution based on ROCK Linux. Its designed to play video on low-power machines. uClinux uClinux is a derivative of Linux 2. 0 kernel intended for microcontrollers without Memory Management Units (MMUs). iPodLinux iPodLinux is a combination of a modified uClinux kernel (for embedded devices) and a simple user interface called Podzilla that can be installed on the Apple iPod and used to control that device. Pie Box Enterprise Linux Pie Box is one of several Red Hat Enterprise Linux clones. It delivers an enterprise-class operating system. DiscoverStation Linux distribution designed to enable one PC to provide up to 10 separate user sessions with each using their own monitor. DiscoverStation features time management and internet content filtering and is ideal for multi-user environments like schools or internet cafes. FoxLinux Distribution based on Fedora Core and developed in Italy. It is aimed at desktop users and features easy installation DARKSTAR Linux A user-friendly desktop Linux distribution from Romania. Has the look and feel of Windows XP. SLYNUX Live CD distribution from India and based on Knoppix OpenLX Linux The OpenLX LINUX Distribution aims to offer an Enterprise-grade LINUX to the widest spectrum of users, right from the individuals wanting a freely download-able/exchangeable one, right up-to the large-Enterprise that needs 24/7/365 support with complete aspects of Installation-Maintenance-Support-Training aspects being taken care of at a single point. Slamd64 Slamd64 is an unofficial port of Slackware Linux to the x86_64 architecture Foresight Linux Forsight Linux is a distribution based around the GNOME desktop. Mono is also featured prominently. The package system is based on Conary. Symphony OS Distribution based on Debian and Knoppix that offers a new kind of desktop experience called the Mezzo Desktop Environment. Kanotix Live CD distribution based on Debian. Emphasis on hardware support. Myah OS Myah OS is a live CD distribution that is designed for ease of use and offers applications aimed at the general public. UMCE Linux UMCE Linux is a custom distribution designed to run servers at the University of Michigan STUX GNU/Linux STUX is a live CD distribution that uses the KDE desktop. It comes with advanced support for multimedia formats. Arudius Arudius is a live CD distribution based on Slackware. It is designed for use for security purposes and so contains many tools for network and software vulnerability analysis. LiMP Linux Multimedia Player or LiMP is a small footprint distribution designed for media format playback. It supports mpeg layer 1, 2 and 3 (mp3), divx, Windows Media, Quicktime, Real Video as well as audio codecs wav, wma and Ogg Vorbis. It can be run as a standard distribution or from Microsoft Windows. Scientific Linux Distribution whose purpose is to create a common install base for scientific experiementation NimbleX Live CD distribution based on Slackware that will also boot from a USB device. Despite its small size, it comes with many mainstream Linux applications. Musix Musix es una distribucion tipo live CD destinado a musicos, tecnicos sonidistas y usuarios en general: una enorme coleccion de programas libres. VideoLinux Live CD distribution that specializes in video tools. Includes applications for DVD backup, video encoding, editing and authoring Sauver Live CD distribution that features three editions: rescue, desktop and laptop. CentOS Enterprise Linux system based on freely available Red Hat sources. Brazil Firewall and Router BrazilFW is a Linux mini-distro, designed for setting up network utility services such as internet connection sharing, firewalling, routing and wireless access points. It is based on Coyote Linux. Pardus General purpose Linux distribution aimed at Turkish users. A live CD version is also available. Openwall GNU/Linux Owl Security-enhanced Linux distribution designed to be mainly a server platform Zeroshell Zeroshell is a live-CD distribution with enhanced security and networking capability. Elive Live CD distribution based on Debian. Features the Enlightenment desktop as its main user interface Freespire Community developed version of the Linspire Linux distribution. There are two versions: One which only includes free software and another which includes legally-licensed, proprietary codecs, drivers and software. X-Evian Live CD distribution from Spain based on Debian and Knoppix Pioneer Linux Mainstream Linux distribution based on Ubuntu. Comes in three versions: one designed for older hardware, one designed for general use and a commercial version that comes with Codeweavers Crossover software for running Windows rograms. Ulteo Mainstream Linux distribution created by Mandrake co-founder Gael Duval. Based on Debian. Icebreaker Distribution produced by rPath and Ingres. It contains a minimal set of tools that are just needed to run the Ingres database BOSS (Bharat Operating System Solutions) Mainstream distribution made specifically for the Indian environment. Its development is sponsored by the National Resourc e Center for Free/Open Source Software myOS Minimalist Linux distribution which is able to run OpenGL/C code without X. 64 Studio Debian-based distribution for digital content creation. Designed for 64 bit processors, though there is a 32 bit port available. blueflops Minimalist distribution that fits on two floppy disks. Despite its lacking a GUI, web browsing in graphical mode can be done via text mode browser links plus svgalib. Parted Magic Live CD distribution designed to be a tool for partitioning hard drives. It contains an extensive collection of tools to handle all types of fileystem. BeaFanatIX Minimalist distribution that is a re-worked version of now defunct BeatriX with more of an Ubuntu flavor. Openfiler Openfiler is a distribution thats specially designed for storage management. It allows you to get a Network Attached Storage (NAS) or Storage Area Network (SAN) server up and running quickly. Granular Linux Distribution oriented toward novices and designed with a modular approach. A live CD version is available. grml Debian-based Live CD distribution designed for system administrators. Includes tools for system analysis and rescue. Sidux Distribution based on the unstable branch of Debian. It is designed to be constantly updated, never needing a major version update. Absolute Lightweight Slackware-based distribution optimised to run on older hardware. Paldo Distribution oriented toward mainstream users that includes its own package management system, Upkg. Its a cross between a source-build (Gentoo) and binary based system. Voyage Linux Stripped down version of Debian optimized to run in embedded systems AntiX Scaled-down version of MEPIS designed to work on older hardware. Desktop can be either Fluxbox or IceWM. Parsix GNU/Linux Live CD distribution based on Debian and KANOTIX and optimized for Persian keyboard layout and fonts. Tuquito GNU/Linux Tuquito GNU/Linux is a distribution developed in Argentina and based on Debian. It features advanced hardware detection Momonga Momonga is a mainstream distribution optimized for Japanese language Galinux Galinux is a distribution based on Slax (which in turn is based on Slackware) and developed for educational use. Development takes place in Galicia (Spain) and it is optimized for the local language Galician (Gallego pure:dyne Live CD distribution that provides a complete and ready made environment for media artists and developers who are looking for a free operating system dedicated to realtime audio and video processing Current versions ?Windows 7, for home and business desktops and portable computers ? Windows 7 Starter A variant for developing countries and netbooks, in which the Aero theme is not included, nor 64-bit compatibility. This edition will be available pre-installed on computers through system integrators or computer manufacturers. ?Windows 7 Home Basic Windows 7 Home Basic will be available in emerging markets such as Brazil, Peoples Republic of China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Pakistan, the Philippines, and Thailand. It will not be available in countries such as Australia, Canada, France, Germany, The Netherlands, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, New Zealand, the United States, and the United Kingdom. Some Aero options are excluded along with several new features. ?Windows 7 Home Premium This edition contains features aimed at the home market segment, such as Windows Media Center,Windows Aero and touch-screen controls. ?Windows 7 Professional This edition is targeted toward enthusiasts and small business users. It includes all the features of Windows 7 Home Premium, and adds the ability to participate in a Windows Server domain. Additional features include operating as a Remote Desktop server, location aware printing, Encrypting File System, Presentation Mode and Windows XP Mode. Windows 7 Enterprise (Microsoft Windows NT 6. 1. 7600) This edition targets the enterprise segment of the market and will be sold through volume licensing to companies which have Software Assurance contract with Microsoft. Additional features include support forMultilingual User Interface (MUI) packages, BitLocker Drive Encryption, and UNIX application-support. Not available through retail or OEM channels , this edition will be distributed through Microsoft Software Assurance (SA). As a result it includes several SA-only benefits, including a license allowing the running of multiple virtual machines, and activation via VLK. Windows 7 Ultimate Windows 7 Ultimate contains the same features as Windows 7 Enterprise, but unlike that edition it will be available to home users on an individual license basis. Windows 7 Home Premium and Windows 7 Professional users will be able to upgrade to Windows 7 Ultimate for a fee using Windows Anytime Upgrade if they wish to do so. Unlike Windows Vista Ultimate, the Windows 7 Ultimate edition will not include the Windows Ultimate Extras feature or any exclusive features. (6. 1. 7600) ? Windows Server 2008 R2 for servers. ?Windows Web Server 2008 R2 ?Windows Storage Server 2008 R2 ?Windows Server 2008 R2 Standard Edition Windows Server 2008 R2 Enterprise Edition ?Windows Server 2008 R2 Datacenter Edition ?Windows Server 2008 R2 for Itanium-based Systems ?Windows HPC Server 2008 R2 for high Performance supercomputers ? Windows Server 2008 R2 Foundation ?Windows Mobile 6. 5 for smartphones and PDAs ?Windows Home Server Announced at the 2007 Consumer Electronics Show (CES) in Las Vegas. Windows Home Server is intended to be a solution for homes with multiple connected PCs to offer file sharing, automated backups, and remote access. ?Windows XP Embedded, for embedded systems requiring parts of the Windows XP infrastructure ? Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs, a low-end version of Windows XP that is intended to be a thin-client that works with older hardware. ?Windows Embedded CE 6. 0, for embedded systems (not based on the Windows NT kernel) Past versions ?Windows Mobile 6. 1 for smartphones and PDAs ?Windows Server 2008 for servers. ?Windows Web Server 2008 ?Windows Server 2008 Standard Edition ?Windows Server 2008 Enterprise Edition (Microsoft Windows NT 6. 0. 6001 Service Pack 1) ? Windows Server 2008 Datacenter Edition ?Windows Storage Server 2008 ?Windows Small Business Server 2008 (Codenamed Cougar) for small businesses ? Windows Essential Business Server 2008 (Codenamed Centro) for medium-sized businesses[1] ? Windows Server 2008 for Itanium-based Systems ?Windows HPC Server 2008 for high Performance supercomputers ? Windows Server Foundation 2008 ?Windows Vista, for home and business desktops and portable computers ? Windows Vista Starter Similar to Windows XP Starter Edition, this edition will be limited to emerging markets such as Colombia, India, Thailand, and Indonesia, mainly to offer a legal alternative to using unauthorized copies. It will not be available in the United States, Canada, Europe, or Australia. Windows Vista Home Basic Similar to Windows XP Home Edition, Home Basic is intended for budget users not requiring advanced media support for home use. The Windows Aero theme with translucent effects will not be included with this edition. ?Windows Vista Home Premium Like Windows XP Media Center Edition, this edition will support more advanced multimedia and entertainment authoring, premiu m games, mobile and tablet PC support, Network Projector, Windows Aero, Touch Screen, and auxiliary display (via Windows Side Show) support. ?Windows Vista Business This edition is aimed at the business market. It includes advanced network and security features, whilst excluding entertainment features. ?Windows Vista Enterprise (Microsoft Windows NT 6. 0. 6000. 0) This edition is aimed at the enterprise segment of the market, and is a superset of the Business edition. Additional features include multilingual user interface support, BitLocker Drive Encryption, and UNIX application support. This edition will not be available through retail or OEM channels ? Windows Vista Ultimate This edition combines all the features of the Home Premium and Enterprise editions, a game performance tweaker (WinSAT), and Ultimate Extras. Windows Server 2003 for servers ?Small Business Server for first server installations (up to 2 processors) ? Web Edition for basic Web serving (up to 2 processors) ?Standard Edition for smaller server applications that dont require clustering (up to 4 processors) ? Enterprise Edition for larger server applications, and clustering (up to 8 processors) ? Datacenter Edition for ma inframe like servers (up to 128 processors) ? Storage Server for Network Attached Storage Devices (5. 2. 3790) ? Windows Mobile 6 for smartphones and PDA ?Windows Mobile 6 Standard for smartphones Windows Mobile 6 Classic for PDA without GSM ?Windows Mobile 6 for PDA with GSM ?Windows XP for desktops and laptops (notebooks) ?Windows XP Starter Edition, for new computer users in developing countries ? Windows XP Home Edition, for home desktops and laptops ?Windows XP Home Edition N, as above, but without a default installation of Windows Media Player, as mandated by an EU ruling ? Windows XP Professional, for business and power users (Version number: NT 5. 1. 2600) ? Windows XP Professional N, as above, but without a default installation of Windows Media Player, as mandated by an EU ruling ? Windows XP Professional x64 Edition, for PCs with x86-64 processors (based on Windows Server 2003) ? Windows XP Tablet PC Edition, for notebooks with a touch screen or a pen-sensitive screen ? Windows XP Media Center Edition for desktops and notebooks with an emphasis on audio, video, and PVR capability. There are four versions: ? Windows XP Media Center Edition ?Windows XP Media Center Edition 2003 ?Windows XP Media Center Edition 2004 ?Windows XP Media Center Edition 2005 ?2001 October 25 Windows XP 64-bit Edition A version of Windows XP roughly analogous to Windows XP Professional for Intels IA-64 (Itanium) line of CPUs.